tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35004460418165983772024-03-13T15:23:16.956-05:00Animal Rights - SMUJean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comBlogger40125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-11579716977514020232022-12-05T09:12:00.002-06:002022-12-05T11:22:55.438-06:00Final Review<div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">AGENDA</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Participation self-assessment</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Review for final</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Reminder: please fill out an evaluation for this class (at Canvas). It's completely anonymous. Deadline is Dec. 7.</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><hr /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Participation self-assessment (please answer on a piece of paper)</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">How would you describe your contribution to class discussion (in class, in groups, on index cards, after class, by email, etc.)?</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Top contributor--Contributed on most days</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Frequent contributor--Contributed around once a week</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Quiet contributor--Rarely contributed to class discussion, but did contribute in groups, on index cards, etc.</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Is there anything else I should know about your contribution to class discussion or about your attendance?</span></li></ol><div><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The Final (when, where, what)</span></div></div></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span>The final will be on Dec 9, 11:30 - 2:30. </span>We will review on Monday Dec 5. </span></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The list of questions is <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1a4XmLCKQ6aI3Gy7lW5om_kFtAK5dGlb28SMNCxayVlk/edit?usp=sharing">here</a>.</span></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Suggested length for each answer: like one RR (150-250 words). </span></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">You should make a plan for each of the questions. <span style="background-color: white;">Use blog posts, slides, readings, your notes, and your RRs. INDEX below will help you find material.</span></span></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;">It will probably take you 1 - 1.5 hours to take the final.</span></span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Review (Dec 5)</span></div><div><ol style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Look over the <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1a4XmLCKQ6aI3Gy7lW5om_kFtAK5dGlb28SMNCxayVlk/edit?usp=sharing">final questions</a>.</span></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Spend 5 minutes looking at pertinent material.</span></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Write one question at the <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VrhNjkdlznvsHwlGGrM__zEvkNg6OjEC8KZhqyZv1RY/edit" style="color: #cc6611; text-decoration-line: none;">workbook </a><span>or put an X beside someone else's question.</span></span></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">We will first be talking about <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G15r7ZE0-6Vh9IGpmRqeTTJpBx0D9SrpGIgDChgvMZc/edit?usp=sharing">evaluating arguments</a>, which is required for several of the questions.</span></span></li></ol><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh71MxcjvQB1K6F0hWvnJbwoD-sB8AGi166HUPr51Dcd07wGeheBtpxyqASaACpnXkN9jRBBxc-lbcWZGNMDulIqykN5O3aBfYH6OXZEYsf_zb1pC8TqpBRx6Yo7sIjbvnLepG1K2XJxIM2Lb39gqgnpd6HLhBsfUSof0wQHJBrAw80BnILi_935kuI1A/s1148/qr-code.png" style="color: #cc6611; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1148" data-original-width="1148" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh71MxcjvQB1K6F0hWvnJbwoD-sB8AGi166HUPr51Dcd07wGeheBtpxyqASaACpnXkN9jRBBxc-lbcWZGNMDulIqykN5O3aBfYH6OXZEYsf_zb1pC8TqpBRx6Yo7sIjbvnLepG1K2XJxIM2Lb39gqgnpd6HLhBsfUSof0wQHJBrAw80BnILi_935kuI1A/w205-h205/qr-code.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="205" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: black;"><hr /></div><div style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"></div></div><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">INDEX</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>5. EATING ANIMALS</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">10.16 <a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2017/03/animals-as-food.html">Animals as Food</a> Factory farming</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">10.19 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/10/eating-animals-case-for-vegetarianism.html">The Case for Vegetarianism</a> Peter Singer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">10.21 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/10/eating-animals-case-for-vegetarianism_21.html">The Case for Vegetarianism</a> Norcross, <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NT4rY5WjJ2U3E6a2sWetJTYuAyUuhjggGtYvMZ3qwfU/edit?usp=sharing">Eating Animals Slides</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">10.24 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/10/eating-animals-meat-defense-1-causal.html">Meat Defense 1, Causal Efficacy</a> Budolfson, <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NT4rY5WjJ2U3E6a2sWetJTYuAyUuhjggGtYvMZ3qwfU/edit?usp=sharing">Eating Animals Slides</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">10.26 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/10/eating-animals-meat-defense-2-existence.html">Meat Defense 2, Existence</a> Zangwill, <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NT4rY5WjJ2U3E6a2sWetJTYuAyUuhjggGtYvMZ3qwfU/edit?usp=sharing">Eating Animals Slides</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">10.28 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/10/eating-animals-meat-defense-3-fairness.html">Meat Defense 3, Fairness</a> George, Cordeiro-Rodrigues, <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NT4rY5WjJ2U3E6a2sWetJTYuAyUuhjggGtYvMZ3qwfU/edit?usp=sharing">Eating Animals Slides</a></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">6. PET ETHICS</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">10.31 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/10/pet-ethics-should-we-have-pets.html">Should We Have Pets?</a> Domestiation, Francione vs. Palmer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11.02 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/11/pet-ethics-friends-of-family.html">Friends or Family?</a> Abbate, also use workbook</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11.04 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/11/pet-ethics-friends-of-family.html">Sterilization and Euthanasia</a> Tolstoy short story</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">7. ANIMAL RESEARCH</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11.07 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/11/animal-research.html">Using Animals in Biomedical Research</a> Lab presentation, Kazez, Eisenstein</span></p><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11.09 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/11/animal-research_9.html">For and Against Animal Research</a> Animal Welfare Act, Engel's argument against</span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11.11 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/11/animal-research-european-and-american.html">European and American Regulations</a> Brody, lexical priority vs. balancing-plus-discounting</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">8. ANIMAL ENTERTAINMENTS</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11.14 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/11/animal-entertainments-zoos-circuses-and.html">Zoos, Circuses, and Sanctuaries</a> Aquarium presentation, Gruen (liberty, dignity)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11.16 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/11/animal-entertainments-animal-shows.html">Animal Shows</a> Issues: welfare, liberty, dignity, culture</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11.18 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/11/animal-entertainments-rodeos-and.html">Rodeos and Bullfights</a> Rodeo presentation, cruelty and culture</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">9. ANIMAL LAW</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11.28 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2017/04/animal-law.html">Animal Law Basics</a> Existing animal law, Sunstein on two strategies, Sunstein's proposal</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11.30 <a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/11/animal-law-guest-speaker.html">Guest Speaker</a> Non-human Rights Project, liberty rights, habeas corpus</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">12.2 <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/3500446041816598377/21066966591500762">Guest Speaker </a> Non-human Rights Project, owning wild animals</span></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-210669665915007622022-12-02T11:09:00.000-06:002022-12-05T09:08:04.803-06:00Animal Law: Guest Speaker<p><span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Monday: Final review post is below (it includes the questions).</span></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Once again we're delighted to welcome Shelby Bobosky, Esq. She is the executive director of the <a href="https://www.thln.org/staff" style="color: #cc6611; text-decoration-line: none;">Texas Humane Network </a> and <a href="https://www.smu.edu/Law/Faculty/Profiles/Bobosky-Shelby-L" style="color: #cc6611; text-decoration-line: none;">teaches animal law </a>at the SMU law school.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Q &A</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Advocating for animals in Texas</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1fZdqapiq3yYr1nsQKVdM6xA4ZsbLUY5h/edit?usp=share_link&ouid=114446191877503702738&rtpof=true&sd=true">Powerpoint</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.thln.org/on_behalf_of_donation">Donate to this great cause!</a></span></li></ol><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.nonhumanrights.org/blog/Highlight_Page/the-fight-to-freehappy/?gclid=Cj0KCQiA4aacBhCUARIsAI55maHEabaCPGxH0-AtBAH5fY9ys0tYqyEhzgR2Y5mXd05yK0WN2dU3d8EaAukQEALw_wcB">The Non-Human Rights Project</a> (hearing 1:06 - 1:38)</div><p></p><p><br /></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-68056195978040342912022-11-30T08:16:00.004-06:002022-11-30T08:31:31.059-06:00Animal Law: Guest Speaker<p><span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Today we're delighted to welcome Shelby Bobosky, Esq. She is the executive director of the <a href="https://www.thln.org/staff">Texas Humane Network </a> and <a href="https://www.smu.edu/Law/Faculty/Profiles/Bobosky-Shelby-L">teaches animal law </a>at the SMU law school.</span></li><li><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1iivhYyzkout7a2CEhMy-433ttMMMfYQ6/edit?usp=share_link&ouid=114446191877503702738&rtpof=true&sd=true"><span style="font-family: arial;">Presentation</span></a></li></ol><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Clips for you to view</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ_3l1z5r0s"><span style="font-family: arial;">Kanzi's 1st Phone Call</span></a></div><div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWxCM6llL60"><span style="font-family: arial;">Koko Responds to a Sad Movie</span></a></div><div><br /></div><p></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-85885084073760924952022-11-28T09:43:00.008-06:002022-11-28T12:15:03.334-06:00Animal Law: Animal Law Basics<div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">AGENDA</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Today: an intro to some animal law basics</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Wednesday and Friday: Shelby Bobosky, Esq.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">No office hours today</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><hr /></span></div></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">ETHICS VS. LAW</span></div><ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">ANIMAL ETHICS</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Right and wrong, obligations, rights, moral requirements, concerning animals</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Apart from any particular legal system</b> such as that of the US, China, Spain, Texas, or whatever. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Sample question: Is it wrong to use animals in biomedical research? </span></li></ul></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">ANIMAL LAW</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Rights and protections that either are or should be encoded in laws and enforced by courts</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>In a particular nation or state. </b></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Sample questions: Should it be illegal in the US to use animals in biomedical research? How are research animals protected under US law? Should existing law be strengthened?</span></li></ul></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span>ETHICS V. LAW</span></span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">There are connections between ethics and law but they are not the same thing!</span></li></ul></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">CASS SUNSTEIN, "Can Animals Sue?</span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/cass-r-sunstein/">Harvard law professor</a>, worked in Obama Administration</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1acCv7T436nmZGl6CHbFO7ObKN1eedXPG/view?usp=share_link">Article, annotated</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Main ideas--</span></li><ol><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Distinguishes ambitious vs. modest strategies for increasing legal protection of animals</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Gives overview of existing animal law</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Sunstein's "modest" proposal</span></li></ol></ul></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><hr /></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: red; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>1. Ambitious vs. modest strategies for achieving more protection of animals</b></span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Ambitious: expand rights for animals</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Modest: no new rights, just new ways of supporting existing rights</span></li></ul></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Ambitious: expand rights for animals</b></span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Reform existing laws (we discussed reforming Animal Welfare Act)</span></li><li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Develop new legal status for animals--make them persons, not property (Next time!!)</span></li></ol></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Modest strategy (Sunstein)</span></b></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Diagnosis: main problem is lack of enforcement of existing law</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">not enough inspectors, police, prosecutors</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Solution: more private lawsuits as opposed to more criminal prosecution</span></li></ul></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-5amF62LwvwQ/X661lfuED7I/AAAAAAAAFgI/krHfvs_Wf9gxd2Jw5CdOzKtL83f9aE1ggCLcBGAsYHQ/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-11-13%2Bat%2B10.34.12%2BAM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="1236" height="117" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-5amF62LwvwQ/X661lfuED7I/AAAAAAAAFgI/krHfvs_Wf9gxd2Jw5CdOzKtL83f9aE1ggCLcBGAsYHQ/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-11-13%2Bat%2B10.34.12%2BAM.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><b><span style="color: red; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">2. Overview of existing animal law</span></b></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">FEDERAL LAW: ANIMAL WELFARE ACT (<a href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47179">overview </a>and <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yR61WgGMOoNgKKM6MucDktMH8oXmd5J0ntHVBtbLXZc/edit">lab animal highlights</a>)</span></div><div><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Lab animals: applies, but not to mice, rats, birds, cold-blooded animals </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Farm animals: doesn't apply except during transportation; doesn't apply to rodeos</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Zoos and aquariums: applies to warm-blooded animals, doesn't apply to birds</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/downloads/AC_BlueBook_AWA_508_comp_version.pdf">marine mammals</a> (p. 196, p. 213) </span></li><li><a href="https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalwelfare/complaint-form"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">You can file a complaint</span></a></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Pets: applies to those in pets stores and during transport</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">MORE FEDERAL LAWS:<br /></span><div><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Endangered Species Act (<a href="https://www.animallaw.info/article/brief-summary-endangered-species-act">here</a>)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Humane Slaughter Act (<a href="https://www.animallaw.info/statute/us-food-animal-humane-methods-livestock-slaughter">here</a>)</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">covers "livestock"--no laws covering birds or fish</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Marine Mammal Protection Act (<a href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/mmpa/text.htm">here</a>)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Horse Protection Act (<a href="https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalwelfare/SA_HPA">here</a>)</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">STATE LEVEL: ANIMAL CRUELTY LAWS (example: <a href="https://www.animallaw.info/statute/tx-cruelty-consolidated-cruelty-statutes">Texas</a>)</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Pets and wild animals: applies to those you have taken into your custody</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">most provide food and shelter and not abandon</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">can only kill with owner approval</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">third offense is a felony</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Farm animals: "generally accepted" practices are legal</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Lab animals: doesn't apply at all</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Hunting: "generally accepted" practices are legal</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Zoos, aquariums, rodeos: doesn't apply </span></li></ul></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">NEW STATE LAWS (not covered by Sunstein):</span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">California Proposition 2 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_California_Proposition_2">here)</a></span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><b><span style="color: red; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">2. Sunstein's modest proposal: more lawsuits to secure enforcement of existing animal protection laws</span></b></div></div></div></div><div><b><span style="color: red; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: red; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Human plaintiffs -- goal is to help animals but you sue on your own behalf</span></div><div><blockquote><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Doctrine of standing: you can't sue in a federal court just because you didn't like something you saw at the Dallas World Aquarium or Rodeo or an animal lab. You have to show that (a) you were injured, and (b) "your injury is 'arguably within the zone of interests' protected or regulated by the statute in question," and (c) "you must show that your injury is not widely generalized, that is, it must not be shared by all other citizens." (Sunstein p. 255)</span></blockquote></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(A) Informational injury – sue Aquarium for hiding information about some of the exhibits (hypothetical example)</span></div></div></div></blockquote><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li> <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/wildlife-watch-usda-animal-welfare-trump-records">Nat Geo article on what info govt has to disclose under the AWA </a> </li></ul></ul><p></p><p> </p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(B) Competitive injury – e.g. an AWA-compliant lab sues a non-compliant lab because the compliant lab suffers a financial disadvantage</span></div></blockquote><p><br /></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(C) Aesthetic injury – e.g. worker sues company for having to see animals suffer in a way that's prohibited under AWA. You sue your neighbor because you constantly have to look at his neglected dog.</span></div></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Are these lawsuits now possible?</span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">To some extent, yes</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">He's arguing that laws should be amended to make them more possible </span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span>Animal plaintiffs -- there isn't always a human plaintiff, so we ought to permit animals themselves to sue</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgT7Vj-FbRMCOqQ9J7Yaf7NcK65wTJXK2Fx9rN_G0N8C0iFHNNU8kiQx2zushd4rEVxP2wgvtR2-0d5hvzXKlS0MTjEZUv87jmLwC6S6ReZafjmY65mn7O4mvHiZWdVLgSfiH0z8NKqeNgbXKNZveJD0bTzBSETVmlgsDZhwi3M7ZLyybgWtm0IK56AgQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="422" data-original-width="630" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgT7Vj-FbRMCOqQ9J7Yaf7NcK65wTJXK2Fx9rN_G0N8C0iFHNNU8kiQx2zushd4rEVxP2wgvtR2-0d5hvzXKlS0MTjEZUv87jmLwC6S6ReZafjmY65mn7O4mvHiZWdVLgSfiH0z8NKqeNgbXKNZveJD0bTzBSETVmlgsDZhwi3M7ZLyybgWtm0IK56AgQ" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /></span><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span>Human lawyer would represent animal plaintiff--the injured party</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span>Same as when a child sues with adult legal representation</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Doesn't mean the animal is considered a person. Non-persons can already sue--corporations, the estate of a deceased person</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Could only sue for injuries prohibited <i>under existing law</i></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Remedy would have to be meaningful to the individual animal suing</span></li></ol><div><br /></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VrhNjkdlznvsHwlGGrM__zEvkNg6OjEC8KZhqyZv1RY/edit">Workbook</a></span></div></div><br />
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Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-63764173829420763982022-11-18T11:38:00.003-06:002022-11-18T12:17:53.201-06:00Animal Entertainments: Rodeos and Bullfights<p> <span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/13NcxfaMr6tp9qgGLJOE7vlim1vlkS4QBaCTHn9rLvWQ/edit?usp=sharing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Presentation</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Reminder: no class Monday</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">After Thanksgiving--a week on animal law </span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">existing laws & moderate reforms (Monday)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">major reforms (Wednesday & Friday, Shelby Bobosky, Esq.)</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Culture and Cruelty</span></li></ol><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Culture or Cruelty?</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">75% -- should criticize cruelty, not defer to culture</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">25% -- should defer to culture, not criticize cruelty</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Compromise: criticize, but carefully</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Understand the practice first </span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">What do the animals experience?</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Understand how the practice fits into the culture</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Example: Bernard <a href="https://smu.instructure.com/files/7066471/download?download_frd=1">Rollin</a> explains how rodeo fits into Western culture and ranching</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Assess whether it's real culture or performative </span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Rick <a href="https://www.ricksteves.com/watch-read-listen/read/articles/madrid-bullfight">Steves:</a> there are a lot of tourists at bullfights in Madrid</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Don't overlook similar practices in your own culture</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">If you're going to judge bullfights you should also look at rodeos </span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Beware of xenophobia, ethnic prejudice, or racism </span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">They can make you judge some cultures more harshly</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Recognize common ground (so perpetrators aren't monsters)</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Bullfighting ethic says the killing should be fast</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">If trying to persuade, use what people already believe </span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Example: Rollin gives ethics lectures to cowboys, ranchers, etc. He uses the fact that they are caring toward their animals to try to convince them to change some rodeo events.</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Realize culture is fluid </span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2v7djtzbckE">horse tripping</a> prohibited <a href="https://fundforhorses.org/2019/10/01/horse-tripping-states-where-its-illegal/">in 12 states</a> including Texas (part of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPW8bmbIALs">Mexican rodeo</a>)</span></li></ul><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Bullfighting prohibited in part of Spain (Catalonia)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Circus came to an end</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Leave advocacy to locals as much as possible (?)</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Example of US celebrities getting involved: <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-4721600/Pamela-Anderson-takes-stand-against-bullfighting.html">Pamela Anderson protesting against bullfighting</a></span></li></ul></ol></div><div><br /></div><p></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-49749244964994379492022-11-16T08:33:00.005-06:002022-11-27T16:31:31.759-06:00Animal Entertainments: Animal Shows<p> <span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Get acquainted with some animal shows</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Discuss possible perspectives for evaluating them</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">In groups, discuss perspectives</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">RRs after Thanksgiving: RR 35 is optional and there <i>may </i>be one more that's required.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Reminder: give the rodeo group a good audience on Friday!</span></li></ol><p></p><p></p><hr /><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Animal shows</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="https://www.usatoday.com/videos/news/nation/2017/01/14/ringling-bros.-circus-close-after-146-years/96606578/"><span style="font-family: arial;">Circus</span></a></li><li><a href="https://youtu.be/HyZTA3RX5Y8"><span style="font-family: arial;">Bullfighting</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wioeu8nO_8"><span style="font-family: arial;">Bullriding</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Rodeo (next time)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Sea world orca show (see the movie Blackfish)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/dog-fights-as-sport-now-illegal-in-mexico/">Dog fighting</a> (illegal)</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Purposes</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">entertainment</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">sports</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">gambling</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">rituals, ceremonies</span></li></ol><div><hr /></div></div><p></p><p></p><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Criteria for assessing animals shows (and zoos and aquariums)</span></div><span id="docs-internal-guid-a271bd4c-7fff-da21-687f-3b0e64dc8cd5" style="font-family: arial;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(1) Based on welfare: assess whether animals have enough food, water, space, freedom from pain, etc., to meet their basic "welfare" needs</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reform the show so animals have basic welfare...</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Or retire the show if it's incompatible with basic welfare </span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Note: does the Animal Welfare Act regulate animal shows? See below.</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(2) Based on liberty: captivity is harmful, liberty is good for animals, either instrumentally or intrinsically or both.</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Liberty is instrumentally good: it's needed for basic welfare</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Liberty is intrinsically good: it's needed even if the animal has basic welfare</span></p></li></ul><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reform the show so animals have enough liberty...</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Or retire the show if it's incompatible with liberty </span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(3) Based on dignity (<a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/11/animal-entertainments-zoos-circuses-and.html">four types</a>)</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">All animals require "animal dignity"--must have the full life that's natural for the species</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">All wild animals require "wild dignity"--must live their own lives without human interference</span></p></li></ul><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reform the show so all animals have "animal dignity" and wild animals have "wild dignity"...</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Or retire the show if it's incompatible with dignity</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(4) Based on culture</span></p><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 12pt; white-space: pre;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Assume that whatever else matters (welfare, liberty, dignity), human culture also matters</span></li><li><span id="docs-internal-guid-a271bd4c-7fff-da21-687f-3b0e64dc8cd5" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reform the show so culture is preserved, but animals are better off </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">to the extent possible...</span></span></li><li><span id="docs-internal-guid-a271bd4c-7fff-da21-687f-3b0e64dc8cd5" style="font-family: arial;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Or retire the show if it's both bad for animals and no longer central to the culture</span></span></li></ul><p></p><div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><hr /></div><div><br /></div><div></div><div><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VrhNjkdlznvsHwlGGrM__zEvkNg6OjEC8KZhqyZv1RY/edit">Workbook</a></div></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDJCFJSCFNByQpEwve89NdppUehxEV8VijVrpIiBRbniNsY4K0ERu7e_FGb1NIrMCr2odGnxa2ZADfMOtlcXgs4EVM16WYJKV4rynnKUjKftlYaCf5y6pigmH1IVp4-qkXG4W2gQyn9gvLiz57MOOJVNWd7KFyJ2IMLKIDw7CsTTdwZOgpnKQvGc9olA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="760" data-original-width="1176" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDJCFJSCFNByQpEwve89NdppUehxEV8VijVrpIiBRbniNsY4K0ERu7e_FGb1NIrMCr2odGnxa2ZADfMOtlcXgs4EVM16WYJKV4rynnKUjKftlYaCf5y6pigmH1IVp4-qkXG4W2gQyn9gvLiz57MOOJVNWd7KFyJ2IMLKIDw7CsTTdwZOgpnKQvGc9olA" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47179"><span style="font-family: arial;">Source (from p. 4)</span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /></span></div><p></p><p><br /></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-17276681923050775922022-11-14T11:04:00.003-06:002022-11-14T12:13:55.945-06:00Animal Entertainments: Zoos, Circuses, and Sanctuaries<p> <span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">New module on Animal Entertainments</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Dallas World Aquarium <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1FJE1O2ZENhhftU6eQJelAhizfzHhATe3PH5h8Zh2kK4/edit?usp=sharing">presentation</a></span></li></ol><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">ANIMAL ENTERTAINMENTS</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Zoos </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Animal Shows</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Circuses</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Sea World shows</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Rodeos</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Bullfights</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Horse Races</span></li></ul></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;">What are our main questions?</span></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Captivity and Liberty.</b> Is captivity bad for wild animals? Is liberty good for them?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Captivity and Dignity.</b> Does captivity deprive animals of dignity? What is dignity?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Captivity and Conservation. </b>Do zoos advance conservation goals?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Forms of Captivity. </b>Are "sanctuaries" much better than zoos?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Cruelty and Culture.</b> Some animal shows are specific to a particular culture. Bullfights and Spanish culture....Rodeos and the American West. Is preserving the culture a legitimate defense of these kinds of shows?</span></li></ol><div><hr /></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">LIBERTY </span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Liberty can be seen as an intrinsic good for animals--constitutive of their wellbeing</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Liberty can be seen as instrumental good for animals--conducive to their wellbeing</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">DIGNITY</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Kantian dignity:</b> humans have dignity because they are self-aware, adopt their own goals, and understand right and wrong. No dignity for animals.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Political dignity:</b> humans have dignity to the extent they are recognized as citizens in a society--can speak, assemble, vote, etc. No dignity for animals.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Animal dignity</b>: any being has dignity to the extent it can exercise its species-specific capacities. Wild and domesticated animals can have dignity, potentially. Many species can't have dignity in captivity.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Wild dignity:</b> wild animals have a certain kind of dignity to the extent that they have their own lives, live in their own world, and possess a kind of sovereignty. Captivity deprives wild animals of this sort of wild dignity. Captivity doesn't deprive domesticated animals of this sort of dignity because they don't have it to begin with.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTFqXswvh_EhVwC6ebTzvPvett-S7ZLwBoPIqDz_rPqEH7FIPAW4sfr5mkhB4QY8vgRr097kGE-1D1CDK0F9igG9NIJ_-152rVG_BwvKtF4KLWxKOtPM2-x4a_OOOEUPX_-Lu3ndhtGkWgLx9WjnlFzz6d9PND_EZdPrVy3uCSxYO3oRzoP4uPU5fZdQ/s3070/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-14%20at%2010.55.57%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1694" data-original-width="3070" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTFqXswvh_EhVwC6ebTzvPvett-S7ZLwBoPIqDz_rPqEH7FIPAW4sfr5mkhB4QY8vgRr097kGE-1D1CDK0F9igG9NIJ_-152rVG_BwvKtF4KLWxKOtPM2-x4a_OOOEUPX_-Lu3ndhtGkWgLx9WjnlFzz6d9PND_EZdPrVy3uCSxYO3oRzoP4uPU5fZdQ/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-14%20at%2010.55.57%20AM.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ORCAS AT SEAWORLD</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyLklb7nlduZs9Mvp_yuT6nb3q8VskadcsMSHkI7hbCm8G8q5UjdUAEb5kzQlGLOWiZuY18jqTauYwoF6p6xGiTqEXsLCsnfRZxglJTpZI_abcgttK25wAF1kyWgLNNvOeFb4_vYUC2dWTneAf2s3S1EWL5N-u8FDupqr5LLyRxbEJs4nLC4zS4xfmNw/s1246/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-14%20at%2010.51.50%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1010" data-original-width="1246" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyLklb7nlduZs9Mvp_yuT6nb3q8VskadcsMSHkI7hbCm8G8q5UjdUAEb5kzQlGLOWiZuY18jqTauYwoF6p6xGiTqEXsLCsnfRZxglJTpZI_abcgttK25wAF1kyWgLNNvOeFb4_vYUC2dWTneAf2s3S1EWL5N-u8FDupqr5LLyRxbEJs4nLC4zS4xfmNw/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-14%20at%2010.51.50%20AM.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><hr /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Circuses</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2017/01/14/ringling-bros-circus-close-after-146-years/96606820/"><span style="font-family: arial;">The end of the circus</span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><br /></div><p></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-87404540490095097692022-11-11T09:19:00.005-06:002022-12-05T11:05:50.896-06:00Animal Research: European and American Regulations<div><span><span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Preview: next week presentations on Monday and Friday</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Reminder: no class on Nov. 21</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">After Thanksgiving: animal law, Shelby Bobosky, Esq. </span></li></ol><span><span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></span></span></div><div><span><span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span><span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>How should animal research be regulated?</b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b>Baruch Brody's assumptions:</b></span></span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">Animal research is beneficial to humans (Engel says no)</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">Animals matter (Carruthers and Descartes say no)</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">Humans should take some sort of priority (Regan and Singer say no)</span></span></li></ol></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><hr /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><b>ANSWER 1: LEXICAL PRIORITY, i.e. HUMANS FIRST</b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNctWAy-jDrbBoLUh9ah8skVnQYclos7OcVb1j_fek-SCwqXE-OSXNQJYrtLKQmts-NhnNQQ6TxhS2LrBs2BfaNgxIeYnPH8JliFFtRHMLti3NqeJYqT11ZAhkLHdOWji74Avt-lj2ZsbA1Y81TG__n4fFR1lu39a6MJYISSHObq2cq6kaSXWBX1WfnQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="468" data-original-width="640" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNctWAy-jDrbBoLUh9ah8skVnQYclos7OcVb1j_fek-SCwqXE-OSXNQJYrtLKQmts-NhnNQQ6TxhS2LrBs2BfaNgxIeYnPH8JliFFtRHMLti3NqeJYqT11ZAhkLHdOWji74Avt-lj2ZsbA1Y81TG__n4fFR1lu39a6MJYISSHObq2cq6kaSXWBX1WfnQ" width="320" /></a></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Lexical priority is like words in a dictionary--<i>all</i> the A words come before <i>any</i> of the B words</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Anything on the Human Interests list comes before anything on the Animal Interests List</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">After satisfying anything on the A list we SHOULD satisfy interests on the B list</span></li></ol><span style="color: red; font-family: arial;"><b>US <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/11/animal-research_9.html">Animal Welfare Act</a> takes this approach (in so many words)</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>ANSWER 2: BALANCING PLUS DISCOUNTING<br /></b><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><b>BALA</b></span><span><b>NCING.</b> Harm to animals must be </span><i>balanced</i><span> by human benefit. </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi4ilbjGLsByf70vscZswgBsxnD2gdteMVLEyH_WMmSxwPlJ2G-ksRB7srawhbDT4TT3_GqMzfKYZ5TBJaF4FtuQ7OZzTAG2fWRrRhYuziGnNopMue-dqjWzafuRlvhqXi1oMnzz-ik2Iv8J4lONM5LG9PRTt2n2PbHM-ml8VFcqaG2X3OU_ThIkYcJ6g" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="1388" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi4ilbjGLsByf70vscZswgBsxnD2gdteMVLEyH_WMmSxwPlJ2G-ksRB7srawhbDT4TT3_GqMzfKYZ5TBJaF4FtuQ7OZzTAG2fWRrRhYuziGnNopMue-dqjWzafuRlvhqXi1oMnzz-ik2Iv8J4lONM5LG9PRTt2n2PbHM-ml8VFcqaG2X3OU_ThIkYcJ6g=w400-h173" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">HARM TO ANIMALS<br />BALANCED BY BENEFIT<br />TO HUMANS</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /></span><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi45QFewtMr-y3aHBjsKrPQgpY7QDKK2sIk9qfwFYyc5i-C3jqkADihuXuXBp7pLEh4gcAolTIoQ9wBLJVkN0xiZjO_Xy3WQyo0bzHMR9r5LDgzZaWo6TqdEtBMnkIkLk3Ywm0zvXTG7pUs7SzfvLUGjmlK9jCzqq_lVMIrrg0wvq7AI7As54SqP-i9kQ/s1316/POLIO%20balance.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1316" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi45QFewtMr-y3aHBjsKrPQgpY7QDKK2sIk9qfwFYyc5i-C3jqkADihuXuXBp7pLEh4gcAolTIoQ9wBLJVkN0xiZjO_Xy3WQyo0bzHMR9r5LDgzZaWo6TqdEtBMnkIkLk3Ywm0zvXTG7pUs7SzfvLUGjmlK9jCzqq_lVMIrrg0wvq7AI7As54SqP-i9kQ/w400-h191/POLIO%20balance.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">HARM TO ANIMALS<br />NOT BALANCED BY BENEFIT<br />TO HUMANS</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Balance problems</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">cosmetic procedures</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">cosmetic drugs and products</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">contact lenses?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">baldness treatments</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">new headache medication</span></li></ol></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>AWA doesn't demand balance but European laws do</b></span></div><div><ol><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.eara.eu/a-history-of-the-eu-testing-ban">No animal testing for cosmetics</a> (EU)</span></li><li><a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/research-and-testing-using-animals"><span style="font-family: arial;">UK laws</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><b>DISCOUNTING.</b> </span>When considering human and animal interests, we should discount the animal interests. By what amount? <br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtr-96fG86JudLmO7la9SZt_zkQAd2yOLUTPuHT60Rg0hExUNJiMX9pSKG__d66LIbgAJWTSMxO2Ak3DZVAIcILp8JmC5vldNZhBMX5wYoHbSiBbUZIgXY9uCebfSeDHe9_wyFMucxYo70Yx7gmuN26yTe3j0nCObnuPwWp5NQDJKkiUn-jeMhPIqIpA/s2518/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-11%20at%208.35.56%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="2518" height="78" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtr-96fG86JudLmO7la9SZt_zkQAd2yOLUTPuHT60Rg0hExUNJiMX9pSKG__d66LIbgAJWTSMxO2Ak3DZVAIcILp8JmC5vldNZhBMX5wYoHbSiBbUZIgXY9uCebfSeDHe9_wyFMucxYo70Yx7gmuN26yTe3j0nCObnuPwWp5NQDJKkiUn-jeMhPIqIpA/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-11%20at%208.35.56%20AM.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Balancing PLUS discounting could change the outcome in the Botox case; depends on the discount rate</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It will change SOME research from unjustified to justified</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiGWku_jg_mDRSBCBXH425aONln4JCyKVCQtUVfjtwz2DBgCqMhvNWrcDWyT4HdGhweB2F85G-f_1pkqDRK3fMlY2Bnac_7_OmANXN9Qcq4tFG0T-kreqpPnZeuXJdt1JHRDa8Uca0UhnGGMcQ5RrWSWIDHprXXZHdJFY1gHZrI6yJP4yewBl7kbQkfEg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1078" data-original-width="1372" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiGWku_jg_mDRSBCBXH425aONln4JCyKVCQtUVfjtwz2DBgCqMhvNWrcDWyT4HdGhweB2F85G-f_1pkqDRK3fMlY2Bnac_7_OmANXN9Qcq4tFG0T-kreqpPnZeuXJdt1JHRDa8Uca0UhnGGMcQ5RrWSWIDHprXXZHdJFY1gHZrI6yJP4yewBl7kbQkfEg" width="305" /></a></div><br /></span></div></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div><div><b style="font-family: arial;">Brody's Defense of Discounting</b></div><div><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">We are not generally committed to Peter Singer's principle of equality, i.e. equal interests should be given equal consideration. (p. 61)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">We have "special obligations to ourselves, our family members, our friends, our fellow citizens, etc." (p. 61)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">"we have a morally permissible prerogative to pay special attention to our own interests in the fulfillment of some of our central projects." (p. 61)</span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Objection</b></span></div></div></div><div><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">David DeGrazia & Peter Singer: If discounting non-family/friends are OK, we could discount the interests of other genders, other races. But no, that's sexism and racism.</span></li></ul><div><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Brody's reply</span></b></div></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-n9OZokGHPAE/X5mZItqhPJI/AAAAAAAAFcA/Peq19dpJnv0KhSRvyuQgoZwImUQpwEYVQCLcBGAsYHQ/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-10-28%2Bat%2B10.58.49%2BAM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="930" data-original-width="1198" height="240" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-n9OZokGHPAE/X5mZItqhPJI/AAAAAAAAFcA/Peq19dpJnv0KhSRvyuQgoZwImUQpwEYVQCLcBGAsYHQ/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-10-28%2Bat%2B10.58.49%2BAM.png" width="309" /></a></div><br /><br /></span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></div><div><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-9a1HTXM0ECI/X5l-CyTby8I/AAAAAAAAFbk/e3qMb-BdgQ0wgIHg_KqHKvCOaHc-_rLMQCLcBGAsYHQ/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-10-28%2Bat%2B9.19.37%2BAM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="686" data-original-width="992" height="221" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-9a1HTXM0ECI/X5l-CyTby8I/AAAAAAAAFbk/e3qMb-BdgQ0wgIHg_KqHKvCOaHc-_rLMQCLcBGAsYHQ/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-10-28%2Bat%2B9.19.37%2BAM.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b></div>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-23347885541447333462022-11-09T08:41:00.007-06:002022-11-27T16:36:46.167-06:00Animal Research: For and Against Animal Research<p> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">What's going on inside labs? finish presentation</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">How are labs regulated? The animal welfare act</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mylan Engel's argument against animal research</span></li></ol><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><hr /><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Presenters talked about "Ethics Committees" </span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">"Ethics Committees" = IACUCs = Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">We have animal research at SMU so we have to have an IACUC</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">required by the Animal Welfare Act (federal law)</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yR61WgGMOoNgKKM6MucDktMH8oXmd5J0ntHVBtbLXZc/edit?usp=sharing">Animal Welfare Act<span> </span></a></span></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">covers animals such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, monkeys</span></span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">excluded: birds, mice, rats, cold-blooded animals</span></li></ul><li><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">regulates basic care – size of cages, food, housing, "exercise for dogs," environment that "promotes the psychological well-being of primates"</span></span></li><li><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">requires pain and distress be minimized as much as possible</span></span></li><ul><li><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">but there can be exceptions based on "research protocol"; e.g. the Harlow type research and the stress test discussed in the presentation</span></span></li><li><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">vets must supervise painful research</span></span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">AWA doesn't put limits on research goals</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">life saving science vs. new cosmetic surgery techniques</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">requires over</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">sight by IACUCs</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">members: must include one vet, one person from community who represents animal interests</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">they evaluate proposals and protocols</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">they do inspections and issue reports (<a href="https://aphis-efile.force.com/PublicSearchTool/s/">APHIS website</a>)</span></li></ul></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mylan Engel, "The Commonsense Case against Animal Experimentation"</span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Argument is against all animal experimentation but he focuses on "testing" drugs and vaccines</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">wants to avoid controversial assumptions like Singer's and Regan's</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Contemporary case: testing covid vaccines on <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/p/monkey-background.html">monkeys</a></span></li></ul><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uOGaqLtTtO4/X5ILG99MP9I/AAAAAAAAFXs/Gf1Rr6j12C8i97bXzSY86eF-jBvYpzCCACLcBGAsYHQ/s1898/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-10-22%2Bat%2B5.42.03%2BPM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="636" data-original-width="1898" height="215" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uOGaqLtTtO4/X5ILG99MP9I/AAAAAAAAFXs/Gf1Rr6j12C8i97bXzSY86eF-jBvYpzCCACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h215/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-10-22%2Bat%2B5.42.03%2BPM.png" width="640" /></span></a></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Engel's Argument</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><ol><li><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">It is wrong to intentionally harm* conscious sentient animals for no good reason. (common sense). </span></span></li><b><span style="color: #990000; font-size: medium;">Therefore</span></b><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It is wrong to intentionally perform harmful* experiments on conscious sentient animals for no good reason. (obvious!)</span></span></li><li><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Animal research is done for no good reason because it can't be <b>extrapolated </b>to human beings. </span></span></li><span style="color: #990000; font-size: medium;"><b>Therefore</b></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It is wrong to do animal research.</span></span></li></ol></ol><div><blockquote><blockquote><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">*We'll assume (a) harming encompasses (b) inflicting suffering and (c) killing, but Engel makes three separate arguments.</span></blockquote></blockquote></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Premise 3: The Extrapolation problem</b></span></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.petmd.com/dog/chocolate-toxicity">Dogs and chocolate</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_lethal_dose">LD50 example</a></span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">"Why should anyone care how much of X proves lethal to 50 percent of rat subjects? This idiosyncratic information has no relevance to human health and well being It is no more useful than knowing whether the number of blades of grass in your front yard is odd or even." (Engel p. 220)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> Example where it seems useful: testing of batches of botox. LD50 does tells you how strong the batch is. If stronger than usual, then not used.</span></li></ul></ol></div></div><div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKgONwgueFlTKUUHDVJtFKsJzLXiQyROBEIpp8sVRal85Shryypc3cvBpg78cN3IDNUg-YEi02bpaSZA0mcjWM4IYGtrm-8_hOVmn5KBC8TpiHq_LJpjPSjxEt7wBySzP703CVFYI5WJq2oeEqMPM868lbj_qV1pC0R01Ypn8HxuVJP9HZfcryZhy1vA/s706/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-08%20at%2011.05.36%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="592" data-original-width="706" height="335" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKgONwgueFlTKUUHDVJtFKsJzLXiQyROBEIpp8sVRal85Shryypc3cvBpg78cN3IDNUg-YEi02bpaSZA0mcjWM4IYGtrm-8_hOVmn5KBC8TpiHq_LJpjPSjxEt7wBySzP703CVFYI5WJq2oeEqMPM868lbj_qV1pC0R01Ypn8HxuVJP9HZfcryZhy1vA/w400-h335/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-08%20at%2011.05.36%20PM.png" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Discussion</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Is he saying scientists have never learned anything from animal experiments? What about Salk's polio research? What about current covid research?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Can scientists do their research better, so as to overcome the extrapolation problem? What does Carbone say?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">What about animal research that doesn't involve testing and extrapolation?</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Alternatives:</b></span></div><div><ol><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Grow human tissue in vitro, use it to study diseases and drugs</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Use synthetic substitutes</span></li><ul><li><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/088723339090071Z"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">eytex instead of Draize test</span></a></li><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj3B18aDMWzK-89p1m4cjk9f8mnUprwHUhmhkV9pwO6gp36Czlt6anndMZjygTtb-cYM1Jvp9E2ieyPLysxto5ne9Gg42qXIvcbWo31b9E7nKNW4eCGhANYtwiqa_0x5qFg58GY3RjJRnmGesWDns_Xlu_RGu8U3mY3YghmesC4Q1FnEZSx-HUR2YOLnA" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img alt="" data-original-height="457" data-original-width="573" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj3B18aDMWzK-89p1m4cjk9f8mnUprwHUhmhkV9pwO6gp36Czlt6anndMZjygTtb-cYM1Jvp9E2ieyPLysxto5ne9Gg42qXIvcbWo31b9E7nKNW4eCGhANYtwiqa_0x5qFg58GY3RjJRnmGesWDns_Xlu_RGu8U3mY3YghmesC4Q1FnEZSx-HUR2YOLnA" width="301" /></span></a></div><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110624005918/en/Allergan-Receives-FDA-Approval-for-First-of-Its-Kind-Fully-in-vitro-Cell-Based-Assay-for-BOTOX%C2%AE-and-BOTOX%C2%AE-Cosmetic-onabotulinumtoxinA">replacement for LD50 for botox</a></span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Use computer models</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Go directly to testing on human volunteers, using microdosing</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Discussion</b></span></div><ol><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span>Volunteers for covid vaccine trials were available before vaccine candidates had been tested in monkeys. </span><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/04/27/pandemic-ethics-case-experiments-human-volunteers/?arc404=true">Is it ethical to use them? </a></span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><br /></div></div></div></div>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-61934522687481139462022-11-07T09:57:00.006-06:002022-11-27T16:35:58.507-06:00Animal Research: Using Animals in Biomedical Research<p><span style="font-family: arial;"> AGENDA</span></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Announcement: I've reduced the number of annotations needed in the remaining annotation assignments and made the groups bigger</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Animal research module</span></li><li><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1fPS14EAAoa9BxhTNjHe8i3hBg4XbsZukU8Mfs38R3EI/edit?usp=sharing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Presentation</span></a></li></ol><div></div><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Animal research questions</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">(1) What's going on in animal labs? (today and Wednesday)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd5AeaLTONGvbcWR2yfxNoINao6Kg70JswSaOhUlV8K6tiMqtUn7ult4RnXA5QDATNdk2qg_LA9GKQZ2LmWOvohvznaV12pOgTiY2Hp8SzAjnpPuu0dH6qeGhzThxuXDHJzI6UPg8l01EYpRQaSgtNnhVJiQbQs555JNK6BC_WPczhK7iejgsRFVKmaA/s408/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-07%20at%209.47.51%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="408" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd5AeaLTONGvbcWR2yfxNoINao6Kg70JswSaOhUlV8K6tiMqtUn7ult4RnXA5QDATNdk2qg_LA9GKQZ2LmWOvohvznaV12pOgTiY2Hp8SzAjnpPuu0dH6qeGhzThxuXDHJzI6UPg8l01EYpRQaSgtNnhVJiQbQs555JNK6BC_WPczhK7iejgsRFVKmaA/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-07%20at%209.47.51%20AM.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;">(2) Is animal research always wrong? (Wednesday--Mylan Engel vs. Larry Carbone)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">(3) How are animal labs regulated? Are the regulations sufficient? (Wednesday and Friday)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">JONAS SALK</span></div><div><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> <a href="http://www.salk.edu/about/jonas_salk.html">Jonas Salk and polio vaccine research</a> (Kazez 188-193) </span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">57,000 cases of polio in 1952; 3,000 died; 21,000 left with some paralysis</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">100,000 monkeys killed in research; no benefit for monkeys; for typing study, they were infected by drilling hole in head; after vaccine developed, tested on monkeys; after monkeys, disabled kids in "homes".</span></li></ul></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">HARRY HARLOW</span></div><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li style="font-weight: bold;"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Parenting research -- </span><a href="https://vimeo.com/150709790" style="font-weight: 400;">video</a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (Kazez</span><i style="font-weight: 400;"> </i><span style="font-weight: 400;">pp. 193-197) </span></b></li><ul><li style="font-weight: bold;"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Variations on a theme (p. 143). </span></b></li><li style="font-weight: bold;"><b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Well of despair studies (p. 194).</span></b></li></ul></ul></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div></div><p></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-86066914468518169322022-11-04T10:45:00.003-05:002022-11-04T11:53:23.501-05:00Pet Ethics: Sterilization and Euthanasia<p> <span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Friends or family--some of both?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Treatment question: should we sterilize our pets?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Leo Tolstoy, "Strider: The Story of a Horse" (1886) -- Why read a short story? </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Who is Tolstoy?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The story and what it says about animals</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Is the message "actionable"?</span></li></ol><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Empathy--getting inside the minds of animals</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Frans De Waal -- by doing careful studies and avoiding anthropodenial/anthropomorphism</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Temple Grandin -- through animal science and based on vantage point of being autistic</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Lori Gruen -- through "entangled empathy" -- says this is the foundation of ethics</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Leo Tolstoy -- through art and imagination</span></li></ol><div><hr /></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Who is Tolstoy? <a href="https://booksonthewall.com/blog/leo-tolstoy-key-russian-heart/">LINK</a>. (1828-1910)</span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">many themes in story, but...</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">he had a serious interest in the treatment of animals</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">visited a slaughterhouse, became a vegetarian</span></li></ul><div><hr /></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Strider, annotated <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C_XNh3YcwuIoXaqKMD7KgEjQdD9xo_xV/view?usp=share_link">LINK</a></span></div><div><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">we will read passages and discuss what they convey</span></li></ul></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgyKVQCpBW9V7IGr-9JC_kq-QoE11xMUs0DBDTKjuN0zzLyuAA1ZWvDKZR4HXkzPtz55D3c5eBSyi-27fvVxPFAvXKjSlpXf_DT4j__UdTzzdMzEAB8-AAsA6i1rb4utjmcK4GDdXNbXP05BPw7wu4tEZ-pWvaxE0FscLu7c5k3ZZfuiyfUPXysJRIfQg"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1624" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgyKVQCpBW9V7IGr-9JC_kq-QoE11xMUs0DBDTKjuN0zzLyuAA1ZWvDKZR4HXkzPtz55D3c5eBSyi-27fvVxPFAvXKjSlpXf_DT4j__UdTzzdMzEAB8-AAsA6i1rb4utjmcK4GDdXNbXP05BPw7wu4tEZ-pWvaxE0FscLu7c5k3ZZfuiyfUPXysJRIfQg=w640-h296" width="640" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCRm0Knd-mUSUoVKAXalEnKWENaxPxssx1B4JH55toP6Grw5jngXc8IkFxQtVFmtIf-N29NRU7p_51xFCaEsMSj3qXXz-rKIDCdInvhrIb_Qcula4CL7VQ2Kz6TtmHJrRf7dmouQh3mdzVorpnwyHp87hfiIqRf-RtLuYzn2hS5Rl0YOr7OP0NzZnhog" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCRm0Knd-mUSUoVKAXalEnKWENaxPxssx1B4JH55toP6Grw5jngXc8IkFxQtVFmtIf-N29NRU7p_51xFCaEsMSj3qXXz-rKIDCdInvhrIb_Qcula4CL7VQ2Kz6TtmHJrRf7dmouQh3mdzVorpnwyHp87hfiIqRf-RtLuYzn2hS5Rl0YOr7OP0NzZnhog=w400-h300" width="400" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCRm0Knd-mUSUoVKAXalEnKWENaxPxssx1B4JH55toP6Grw5jngXc8IkFxQtVFmtIf-N29NRU7p_51xFCaEsMSj3qXXz-rKIDCdInvhrIb_Qcula4CL7VQ2Kz6TtmHJrRf7dmouQh3mdzVorpnwyHp87hfiIqRf-RtLuYzn2hS5Rl0YOr7OP0NzZnhog" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxl6rLpibyN4KdbYTKCsZvaAmMiySkbBo_ekihVulRQFQOoauXOP30FuVXBqXUNm_0h347qJrcbYrotcO-zSERnVstwONnVzANCKWBz-pD8FQZ3Dar2fhh8xQHm9mp3kZENJuTE_hW8YzBeUS0C4Q6VpkbWK8A_6tJYbGPMGk-4u3KtijcMJC9qVFWtg/s841/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-04%20at%2011.14.23%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="541" data-original-width="841" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxl6rLpibyN4KdbYTKCsZvaAmMiySkbBo_ekihVulRQFQOoauXOP30FuVXBqXUNm_0h347qJrcbYrotcO-zSERnVstwONnVzANCKWBz-pD8FQZ3Dar2fhh8xQHm9mp3kZENJuTE_hW8YzBeUS0C4Q6VpkbWK8A_6tJYbGPMGk-4u3KtijcMJC9qVFWtg/w400-h258/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-04%20at%2011.14.23%20AM.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlP-09PWx0MatWd7g9f6nBaXCSV3e9StzUQavtbtrMIOIPFWBGXIcVpj7WEwLbN8k1VlIZRAORqtjI-HUQQPkTyd3KU-LCX3K6rpM-H0OFz_QRWVcha7336xF-2nq5KRPgvKCRPIkQEjwiXe6akkDcw2qWC8tItMRrJ9lMkmhj0w6J2_I7CLHvcAltnQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="556" data-original-width="798" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlP-09PWx0MatWd7g9f6nBaXCSV3e9StzUQavtbtrMIOIPFWBGXIcVpj7WEwLbN8k1VlIZRAORqtjI-HUQQPkTyd3KU-LCX3K6rpM-H0OFz_QRWVcha7336xF-2nq5KRPgvKCRPIkQEjwiXe6akkDcw2qWC8tItMRrJ9lMkmhj0w6J2_I7CLHvcAltnQ=w400-h279" width="400" /></span></a></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div><hr /></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The story teaches about the plight of animals, but what could we do differently? Do any of these make sense?</span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">don't spay/neuter -- it costs the animals a lot </span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">but what about overpopulation and homeless animals? </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Dallas animal shelter--80% leave shelter alive)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">note: it's <a href="https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/dallas/latest/dallas_tx/0-0-0-101841">required unless you have a breeding permit</a></span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">instead of spay/neuter, opt for vasectomy and ovary-sparing hysterectomy, so animals retain natural hormones</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">don't breed animals based on superficial characteristics -- don't be a "looksist" -- <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/06/22/sports/westminster-dog-show">Westminster Dog Show</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">don't breed animals at all -- "pedigreeism" is bad</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">stop treating animals as property</span></li></ul></div><div><br /></div><p></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-61969956594227633202022-11-02T10:50:00.001-05:002022-11-27T16:34:02.543-06:00Pet Ethics: Friends of Family?<p> <span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Finish <a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/10/pet-ethics-should-we-have-pets.html">Francione</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Abbate: friends or family?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Preview: Tolstoy short story, "Strider: The Story of a Horse"</span></li></ol><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">TREATMENT OF PETS</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The model makes a difference: should we think of our pets as friends or family?</span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Cheryl Abbate, "The Animals in Our Living Room: Friends or Family?"</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">We will use the workbook (top tab and QR code)</span></li><li><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aGcbgM9WTv_wSxLGNmwRdEVkdE2loBau/view?usp=share_link"><span style="font-family: arial;">Abbate's article, annotated</span></a></li></ul></div><p></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-72858475698407713392022-10-31T10:33:00.005-05:002022-10-31T11:49:33.587-05:00Pet Ethics: Should We Have Pets?<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9jL2VaV07QLhxGwri0mwxqgRlrVjjXBd-Qmw64ja_lxFikNMycMAFBW0khFhB8JXON0YRp_DNqeF0WqtxRPMFm73MRlBJZ_56gabFWTQm3sq9do8DPAMUSvnTKaZRGFfUsl2dzy6j9OZQeLVhDieYhXxUDIKGc8jloS6oQQblmDII8z5tgnR1uM4AYw/s1256/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-22%20at%209.41.56%20AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="1256" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9jL2VaV07QLhxGwri0mwxqgRlrVjjXBd-Qmw64ja_lxFikNMycMAFBW0khFhB8JXON0YRp_DNqeF0WqtxRPMFm73MRlBJZ_56gabFWTQm3sq9do8DPAMUSvnTKaZRGFfUsl2dzy6j9OZQeLVhDieYhXxUDIKGc8jloS6oQQblmDII8z5tgnR1uM4AYw/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-22%20at%209.41.56%20AM.png" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />AGENDA</span><p></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Pet Ethics: The Big Picture</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Francione's view</span></li></ol><p></p><p></p><hr /><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Pet Ethics: The Big Picture</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Should we have pets at all? (Monday)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Are your pets friends or family (or slaves)? (Wednesday)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Should we sterilize pets? Should we breed them? (story by Tolstoy, the Russian novelist)</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Three Pet Categories</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Domesticated animals as companions (dogs and cats)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Tamed wild animals as companions</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Others, not companions: fish, snakes, reptiles, birds?</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Domesticated animals who play a role as companions</span></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Negative view: Gary Francione</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Positive views: Clare Palmer, Lori Gruen, Donaldson & Kymlicka</span></li></ol><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Gary Francione, <a href="https://www.abolitionistapproach.com/">The Abolitionist Approach</a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrGTzalcw33agQwz9_js1O3UC0pnrntljJKftfgYsFBxYwQUPAGNCE1LTgJDMxZyEdEoToqenoPceUj85BDSGH4aGEylcYF2lU4DjRhxLi_PdqQ4Ol2RgAC6xnHTDZFEJ_Azd0jvKPan6fKXZYHNhyA7Xl-NkP8ZEQoTNwps7_hPbK4ofm0EgCGl19kg/s525/image.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="350" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrGTzalcw33agQwz9_js1O3UC0pnrntljJKftfgYsFBxYwQUPAGNCE1LTgJDMxZyEdEoToqenoPceUj85BDSGH4aGEylcYF2lU4DjRhxLi_PdqQ4Ol2RgAC6xnHTDZFEJ_Azd0jvKPan6fKXZYHNhyA7Xl-NkP8ZEQoTNwps7_hPbK4ofm0EgCGl19kg/w142-h213/image.png" width="142" /></span></a></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Law professor at Rutgers University</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Animals are persons (with rights), not property</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Argues for abolition of animal agriculture, animal research, zoos, etc. The term "abolition" is inspired by abolitionism, the movement to end slavery.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Doesn't support reforms like <a href="https://thehumaneleague.org/article/prop-12">Prop 2 and 12</a> in California (more space)--says they just make people more comfortable eating meat and don't solve the basic problem</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Against Singer's step-by-step approach to veganism</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.abolitionistapproach.com/do-we-have-an-obligation-to-eat-animals-no/">Commentary on Zangwill</a>--author who says we're doing animals a favor by breeding, killing, and eating them</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Against institution of having pets</span></li></ol></div><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">What is domestication?<br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xmw3jRqS9oQ" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><p class="p1" style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"></p><hr /><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Francione's arguments against having pets</span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Francione, <a href="https://www.abolitionistapproach.com/pets-the-inherent-problems-of-domestication/">"Pets"</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">podcast (we'll listen to it in parts)</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="autoplay *; encrypted-media *; fullscreen *; clipboard-write" frameborder="0" height="175" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" src="https://embed.podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/commentary-2-pets/id327041563?i=1000058287630" style="background: transparent; max-width: 660px; overflow: hidden; width: 100%;"></iframe><br /><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Argument #1: Based on sheer domestication (Francione 12:20-17:40)</span></div></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhDJb5GJCWc400eCUmS2iS6-Zpc6J12ZZwnF-4qjJKm-FdK3Iq0oNT7tGnk4PRLW6yjtYLIcXuSJtK82PAVHw-G6cc70JTcLE58WcQL7HdLxdVUJRu_ijD76Ay7WkXTjrrp3Vqlq1eOGzWCjgBbc5ESGPfSZFZTglv1PUUvoZJCdgCLbb0gYFbxjofDKg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="279" data-original-width="200" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhDJb5GJCWc400eCUmS2iS6-Zpc6J12ZZwnF-4qjJKm-FdK3Iq0oNT7tGnk4PRLW6yjtYLIcXuSJtK82PAVHw-G6cc70JTcLE58WcQL7HdLxdVUJRu_ijD76Ay7WkXTjrrp3Vqlq1eOGzWCjgBbc5ESGPfSZFZTglv1PUUvoZJCdgCLbb0gYFbxjofDKg" width="172" /></span></a></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">"domestication is slavery"</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">dogs should go extinct</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">they don't fit in the animal world or the human world</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">we control every aspect of their lives</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">control and hierarchy</span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Argument #2: Based on legal status as property (Francione 17:40-21:20)</span></div><div><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">can be bought and sold, have market value</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">there are minimal requirements in state animal cruelty laws</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">but shelters can kill</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">you can ask a vet to kill</span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Argument #3: Based on mistreatment (Francione 21:20-26:30)</span></div></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">even if you don't mistreat, arguments #1 and #2 make the institution wrong</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">but people do mistreat</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">giving up adopted animals--is it <a href="https://www.aspca.org/about-us/press-releases/new-aspca-survey-shows-overwhelming-majority-dogs-and-cats-acquired-during">not often</a> or <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/01/nyregion/the-great-guinea-pig-giveaway-has-begun.html">often</a>?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">conventionally accepted cruelty--declawing cats, tail-docking, ear-clipping</span></li></ul><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Halloween interlude: what do you think? Is there anything bad about dressing up your pets?</span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="672" data-original-width="605" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEieGvBkKTas4zLUoyaHsna65ZSDqjUv7-9aeZL9rgY83SbLgUgXE-ejxPKVsiY13UUuEYHyykNTQslQZeww1jZgMIzx8jMdDyWFi1qerCgCSAXC14je-AQMCo_EHKMZxMoiV_KfStNdso_uBhkU1i_mUmR-5K4sLAMiI2sTCdeX6tNBaQNrmQO9_OYvgA" width="216" /></span><span style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1998" data-original-width="1502" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG2SdP7_ireMF7UD-L-Samrd1Chcr_Vm8WkWK9WtLf_2McVtYdFW3nlLU2XEd_X9v3M0GQ1o7e8Ave6bhoWhoabc73c7bIRWMpdgOCwhEV4yaFHyd6y_IlW5gf3tMneJQPTVPAIuukvwIMnW7JtXYY3Z-cRq3BcBHdDwJ4iy7Rkm5732S1TqoKpLiPmQ/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-31%20at%2010.10.23%20AM.png" width="241" /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEieGvBkKTas4zLUoyaHsna65ZSDqjUv7-9aeZL9rgY83SbLgUgXE-ejxPKVsiY13UUuEYHyykNTQslQZeww1jZgMIzx8jMdDyWFi1qerCgCSAXC14je-AQMCo_EHKMZxMoiV_KfStNdso_uBhkU1i_mUmR-5K4sLAMiI2sTCdeX6tNBaQNrmQO9_OYvgA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Clare Palmer: Defense of domesticated animals as pets</span></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">What does she say?</span></li></ol></div><div><hr /></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Wild animals as pets </span></p><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">animals taken out of the wild and tamed</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">example: falconry</span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span> </span></div></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CV5ZK68OkEY" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-90985931803852108892022-10-28T10:36:00.002-05:002022-10-28T10:36:28.682-05:00Eating Animals: Meat Defense 3, Fairness<p> <span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Finish discussing existence argument</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The fairness argument</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Preview: next module on pets. Should we have them at all?</span></li></ol><div><br /><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Existence argument--some points in your RRs</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Could you use the same sort of argument to defend bullfighting?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Why does he rule out breeding pets to be eaten--isn't that just arbitrary?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">How can he tell us we ought to eat humane meat considering that it's in short supply?</span></li></ol></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NT4rY5WjJ2U3E6a2sWetJTYuAyUuhjggGtYvMZ3qwfU/edit?usp=share_link"><span style="font-family: arial;">Eating Animals Slides</span></a></div><p></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-8122537254490647872022-10-26T11:26:00.001-05:002022-10-26T11:30:12.462-05:00Eating Animals: Meat Defense 2, Existence<p><span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Feedback on midterm</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Attendance</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Meat Defenses 1, 2, 3 (the big picture)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Recap Norcross vs. Budolfson</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Existence defense</span></li></ol><hr /><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Feedback on midterm</span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Most of the exams showed you did a lot of preparing </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Lower grades --> prepare more next time!</span></li><li><a href="https://smu.instructure.com/courses/101092/pages/midterm-outlines"><span style="font-family: arial;">Question 4B</span></a></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Author makes objections to <i>other </i>views and arguments </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Author goes on to take a position of their own</span></li></ul></ul><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Attendance</span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Because this is a small discussion class, attendance is incentivized. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Penalties for excess absences come out of your participation grade (if you're not there you're not participating)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">You have a budget of 4 absences</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Record of absences and excused absences is at Canvas--in the comments on Participation</span></li></ul><div><hr /></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NT4rY5WjJ2U3E6a2sWetJTYuAyUuhjggGtYvMZ3qwfU/edit?usp=sharing"><span style="font-family: arial;">EATING ANIMALS SLIDES</span></a></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Recap Norcross vs. Budolfson</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Existence Defense</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">WORKBOOK (tab above)</span></div><div><br /></div><p></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-36508831035909925182022-10-24T10:50:00.008-05:002022-10-26T11:28:13.810-05:00Eating Animals: Meat Defense 1, Causal efficacy<p> <span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Norcross Recap</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Causal Efficacy: Norcross vs. Budolfson</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The taste issue: your vegan meal experience</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Return midterms </span></li></ol><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NT4rY5WjJ2U3E6a2sWetJTYuAyUuhjggGtYvMZ3qwfU/edit?usp=sharing"><span style="font-family: arial;">Eating Animals Slides</span></a></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://spot.colorado.edu/~heathwoo/readings/norcross.pdf">Norcross article</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/165UncX5CmdjjqS33hpV4ToCXn5auWS7l/view?usp=sharing">Budolfson article (annotated)</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Taste issues</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Singer: you can transition to a vegetarian diet without sacrificing any taste</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Singer and Norcross: "gustatory pleasure" is trivial compared to animal suffering</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;">RR23: will accept late and can also edit</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Your vegan meal</span></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">A lot worse than typical meal</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">A little worse</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">About the same</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">A little better</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">A lot better</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Midterm</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">average--87.3</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">if you're grade was in the C range I advise you to meet with me</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">there are answer outlines at Canvas (at More Guides)</span></li></ol></div><p></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-38156763693965472332022-10-21T11:09:00.003-05:002022-10-26T11:29:37.256-05:00Eating Animals: The Case for Vegetarianism<p> <span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Midterm grades posted later today</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/10/eating-animals-case-for-vegetarianism.html">Finish Singer</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Discuss Norcross</span></li></ol><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NT4rY5WjJ2U3E6a2sWetJTYuAyUuhjggGtYvMZ3qwfU/edit?usp=sharing">Eating Animals Slides</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://app.perusall.com/courses/phil3377-001-1227-205119032/norcross-puppies-and-pigs?assignmentId=dSiT5ayYMoFfBiNZT&part=1">Norcross at Perusall</a> (first 4 pages)</span></div><div><a href="https://spot.colorado.edu/~heathwoo/readings/norcross.pdf"><span style="font-family: arial;">The whole article</span></a></div><p></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-12128211547484803472022-10-19T11:32:00.005-05:002022-10-21T09:50:18.587-05:00Eating Animals: The Case for Vegetarianism<p> <span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2017/03/animals-as-food.html"><span style="font-family: arial;">How are food animals treated?</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Peter Singer's case for vegetarianism</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Singer's step-by-step plan</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Animal Liberation, chapter 5: Becoming Vegetarian</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">What are Singer's main arguments for changing our diet? <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A9MT-MVWt2JPXb-sxyTEW9-6RL2m0F5S/view?usp=sharing">Singer, Annotated</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Should BOYCOTT because of the harm done by the animal industry</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Harm to animals - focus on pain and suffering, not death</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Harm to environment</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Harm to malnourished people, because land can produce more plant food</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;">What can BOYCOTT achieve?</span></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Bolsters other efforts on behalf of animals</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Bolsters activism to improve factory farms</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Longterm goal: an end of using animals for food</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Shortterm goal: reducing number of animals mistreated, saving some animals (<a href="https://www.projectpollo.com/">Project Pollo)</a></span></li></ol><div><blockquote><span><span style="font-family: arial;">Next reading (for Monday): Mark Budolfson, "Is it Wrong to Eat Meat from Factory Farms? If So, Why"</span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">How should I participate in this BOYCOTT?</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Singer's step-by-step plan (in black)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span> </span><span> "You must decide for yourself where you are going to draw the line..." </span><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"> <span style="color: red;"> (STEP 0: Should we start smaller?)</span><br /></span></div><blockquote><div><span style="font-family: arial;">STEP 1: stop consuming any <b>factory farmed product</b></span></div></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>now you are a compassionate omnivore</i> </span></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>STEP 2: "refuse to eat any <b>slaughtered bird or mammal</b>" whatever the type of farming.</span> </span></p></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>now you are a vegetarian, but you eat fish (aka pescatarian)</i> </span></span></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>STEP 3: stop eating any </span><b>fish</b></span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;">STEP 4: stop eating <b>crustaceans</b> (shrimp, lobster)</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;">STEP 5: stop eating <b>mollusks</b> including octopus, oysters, clams, mussels, scallops </span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>STEP 6 (not required): stop eating <b>free range eggs</b></span> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;">STEP 7 : avoid all dairy products (milk, cheese, etc.) but don't worry about <b>small amounts </b></span></p></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>now you are a vegan, or almost a vegan</i> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: red;">(STEP 8: should we avoid even small amounts?)</span></span></blockquote><p></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p></blockquote><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><br /></div><p></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-88177272852575097112022-10-16T17:03:00.015-05:002023-04-20T10:50:28.314-05:00Eating Animals: Animals as Food<div><div><div><span style="color: red; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>BASICS</b></span></div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Numbers </span><br />
</span></span><ul>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">About 10 billion land animals die annually in food production in the US</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>218 million</i> are killed by hunters, in animal shelters, research, product testing, dissection, and fur farms (<i>2%</i> of total killed)</span></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://animalclock.org/">More numbers</a></span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Types of Farming </span><br />
</span></span><ol>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Factory farming (vast majority of US farming)--Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) </span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Factory farming with reforms - in some states/industries</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Humane farming (but how humane?) - products available at Whole Foods and other stores</span></span></li></ol></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><hr /><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><div><div><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>#1 FACTORY FARMING</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>The Big Picture</span><br />
</span></span><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span><a href="http://www.themeatrix.com/">The Meatrix (about history of factory farming)</a> </span></span><br /><a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1286537/" style="background-color: white;">Food Inc</a><br /><a href="https://vimeo.com/489187615" style="background-color: white;">Glass Walls (PETA video)</a> (watch :57 -3:30)<br /><br /></span></blockquote></div><div><div><p><a href="https://vimeo.com/489187615"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></a></p><hr /><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Broiler Chickens (for meat)</b></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj20yxYVneHtRJmCzWlaEORjNvJkTGQLVorSkERrPjJREh6hLx8UykA3uw_Zzkf00ZyIUROv55R7_I2VzXQe8otjyS0TvMLGE54zM6hjZcoMUCRfH2r8p7vlzkrNiDfo2p5OXt3CXZKdCLoqLpKIYmuFeP7eSpk5HpxHiBLJ-MiWaa9IVYQrS1QORafvA/s596/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-16%20at%203.59.30%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="446" data-original-width="596" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj20yxYVneHtRJmCzWlaEORjNvJkTGQLVorSkERrPjJREh6hLx8UykA3uw_Zzkf00ZyIUROv55R7_I2VzXQe8otjyS0TvMLGE54zM6hjZcoMUCRfH2r8p7vlzkrNiDfo2p5OXt3CXZKdCLoqLpKIYmuFeP7eSpk5HpxHiBLJ-MiWaa9IVYQrS1QORafvA/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-16%20at%203.59.30%20PM.png" width="320" /></a></div></span></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>crowding (20,000 per barn) </span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">debeaking, ammonia fumes</span></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">collapsing under own weight</span></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span>very short lives (5-7 weeks vs. many years)</span></span> </span></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">slaughter (below)</span></span></li></ol></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-7NdLpWtKcw0/TWvbpgtRxII/AAAAAAAAAEY/_P7pb0fZcAc/s1600/Picture+150.png" style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" height="453" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-7NdLpWtKcw0/TWvbpgtRxII/AAAAAAAAAEY/_P7pb0fZcAc/w640-h453/Picture+150.png" width="640" /></span></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">
<br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><b>Pigs (for pork, ham, bacon)</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://sites.psu.edu/siowfa15/wp-content/uploads/sites/29639/2015/10/Bacon.jpg" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://sites.psu.edu/siowfa15/wp-content/uploads/sites/29639/2015/10/Bacon.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></span><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;"><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">crowding</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">tail-docking</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">sow crates (for pregnant pigs)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">farrowing crates (for birthing and lactating pigs) </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">slaughter (below) </span></li></ol></blockquote><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="goog_1549302433"><img alt="" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-4cKH1MBKU-E/X3zQsNAIUGI/AAAAAAAAFV0/iBIjiHs_lygh-Q2osDH1eNKkhpI-4lqJACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h426/image.png" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/14/business/coronavirus-farmers-killing-pigs.html">New York Times, May 2020 (click for more info)</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestation_crate"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="480" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-3QZ4Qgr1HTQ/X3zT9iJA4rI/AAAAAAAAFWI/OKrZapyfFPkmsYAMUoLTZW5gX0Oyww6yQCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h480/image.png" width="640" /></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestation_crate"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">By Alisha Vargas from Reno, NV, US - Piglets Nursing,<br /> CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6498410</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span><br /> </span></span><span><div style="text-align: left;"><hr /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><b>Beef Cattle</b></span></div><span style="background-color: white;"></span></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
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<a href="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/54641761e4b074f954dd11d2/t/55984283e4b0e9cbf629ed03/1436041860489/" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" height="199" src="http://static1.squarespace.com/static/54641761e4b074f954dd11d2/t/55984283e4b0e9cbf629ed03/1436041860489/" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
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</span></span><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;"><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span>castration</span></span> </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span>branding</span></span> </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span>range life until 8 months,</span></span> </span></li><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">feedlot for several months</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">corn diet, antibiotics, hormones</span> </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">slaughter (below)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">More info: <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/31/magazine/power-steer.html" style="background-color: white;">Power Steer</a></span></li></ol></blockquote>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjWaGN6BmCe9slwwj2gG7v0LaLfBgzWLKea3QUs4bN-mk8JcPKxMQENJqJVw8veY534jZWpjnwrVoQyQpP__V2L4VEzb7GFdbAHKWfsDeH3DcTaXr0DgF-6nZl8KRbOqMBHtrAdmr_JbpadSfS7pOi3hizqAnKjVHeXrALSRzb19PFFPe3wx8SCiPYB6A" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="174" data-original-width="290" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjWaGN6BmCe9slwwj2gG7v0LaLfBgzWLKea3QUs4bN-mk8JcPKxMQENJqJVw8veY534jZWpjnwrVoQyQpP__V2L4VEzb7GFdbAHKWfsDeH3DcTaXr0DgF-6nZl8KRbOqMBHtrAdmr_JbpadSfS7pOi3hizqAnKjVHeXrALSRzb19PFFPe3wx8SCiPYB6A=w640-h384" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Veal</b></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXeIEROQHX_S9QiRfui16na4R8k-z2hLEbN2hW8enzRbVcrgyVzynkuq6P1J5Bl0eCSDePr3TQSeizqUXFzTLMi5gSvHvsC_kJsNUsByZqZTEL8Nf4vtp29dvf-yrkiswGiYo9L-cH5-l2jovmsO2Te57uS-JvdxQ7V2gpdxuQDyFFhoiCaEb7IFGcCg/s1080/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-16%20at%204.51.50%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="697" data-original-width="1080" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXeIEROQHX_S9QiRfui16na4R8k-z2hLEbN2hW8enzRbVcrgyVzynkuq6P1J5Bl0eCSDePr3TQSeizqUXFzTLMi5gSvHvsC_kJsNUsByZqZTEL8Nf4vtp29dvf-yrkiswGiYo9L-cH5-l2jovmsO2Te57uS-JvdxQ7V2gpdxuQDyFFhoiCaEb7IFGcCg/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-16%20at%204.51.50%20PM.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></span></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-bEkX-hlzqHs/TWvdb2PpsgI/AAAAAAAAAEk/w2wVYZpjpBc/s1600/Picture+156.png" style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" height="506" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-bEkX-hlzqHs/TWvdb2PpsgI/AAAAAAAAAEk/w2wVYZpjpBc/w640-h506/Picture+156.png" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span></span></span></span><div><b style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><hr /></span></span></div><div><b style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div><b style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Laying Hens (for eggs)</span></b></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-D0KLFBm7LBA/ViD1doWNLrI/AAAAAAAACgg/Hrqh6S1cV-M/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-10-16%2Bat%2B7.58.57%2BAM.png" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-D0KLFBm7LBA/ViD1doWNLrI/AAAAAAAACgg/Hrqh6S1cV-M/s320/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-10-16%2Bat%2B7.58.57%2BAM.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></span><blockquote class="tr_bq"></blockquote><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"><ol><li><span style="font-family: arial;">crowding (each chicken has less space than a piece of typing paper)</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">debeaking</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">male chicks immediately killed </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">short lives</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">slaughter (see below) </span></li></ol></span><blockquote class="tr_bq"></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-fcUGgf8LdPk/X3zTXqJQFcI/AAAAAAAAFWA/71HFat8cvrAV5lpQp53nw8Lf8tz5CjFvACLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="482" data-original-width="321" height="640" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-fcUGgf8LdPk/X3zTXqJQFcI/AAAAAAAAFWA/71HFat8cvrAV5lpQp53nw8Lf8tz5CjFvACLcBGAsYHQ/w426-h640/image.png" width="426" /></span></a></div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><br /></span></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-ZcpuUn_8GEo/TWvcviR_PsI/AAAAAAAAAEg/IIzvW9jcgN8/s1600/Picture+154.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span><img border="0" height="539" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-ZcpuUn_8GEo/TWvcviR_PsI/AAAAAAAAAEg/IIzvW9jcgN8/w640-h539/Picture+154.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption"><span><span>Looking down into a dumpster - discarded male chicks</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><blockquote class="tr_bq"><ul></ul></blockquote></span></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://vimeo.com/489187615">Glass Walls (PETA)</a> -- watch 1:51 - 3:30</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><hr /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><b>Dairy Cows</b></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: medium;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiMRGeBmjWsOv9Kg9-4z2q-zFMb6X_vpWZq-jHFGKwfqyf5_cMZVVoPyNCyoO3RkgF0aHybruTtWTBaSz5aEVS4S0RD2FNHYJSnNH_FTOheZ0a9WS19fXScXH6KIZ10aWMOIU8h6r3saCTXdZs2rVJQQpl0xjF0brTj4znj4X-f92CHLQpIgXd3iREeKQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="636" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiMRGeBmjWsOv9Kg9-4z2q-zFMb6X_vpWZq-jHFGKwfqyf5_cMZVVoPyNCyoO3RkgF0aHybruTtWTBaSz5aEVS4S0RD2FNHYJSnNH_FTOheZ0a9WS19fXScXH6KIZ10aWMOIU8h6r3saCTXdZs2rVJQQpl0xjF0brTj4znj4X-f92CHLQpIgXd3iREeKQ" width="320" /></a></div><br /></b></span></span></span></div></div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;"><span><span>mothers separated from calves (<a href="https://agri-plastics.net/products/calf-housing/">see calf hutches here</a>)</span></span> </span></li><li><span><span style="font-family: arial;">over-milking, mastitis, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_somatotropin">BST</a></span></span></li><li><span><span style="font-family: arial;">What happens to <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/29/business/29dairy.html?_r=1&sq=cows&st=cse&adxnnl=1&scp=1&adxnnlx=1255619200-hhvWT+oh8SvvECZsmcOs4w">the males? (read about sexed semen)</a></span></span></li></ol></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/P6OtnUmw37U" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.planet-science.com/umbraco/ImageGen.ashx?image=/media/46673/dairy%20products_112151373.jpg&width=600&constrain=true" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span><span style="background-color: white;"><span><span><div style="text-align: center;"><span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span><hr /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Seafood</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfklZdY8GeBP8NsaP2B63BMGPWTNHAvZg5rJnmd03ia976GjldagL7dq-GE8fZ8xFmxev-NcaAcHAUDANzOT_PSYTGu8m9YHUNmOs2rhO-uG8fKP6Xd8-qIHHiiN1-ud4lmn6HSIPfKj0QA2MYT8apBInHtWmSmZUzTe4_FwnDj0rrMU3gvnkX4U6_2g/s2270/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-19%20at%2010.38.42%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1702" data-original-width="2270" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfklZdY8GeBP8NsaP2B63BMGPWTNHAvZg5rJnmd03ia976GjldagL7dq-GE8fZ8xFmxev-NcaAcHAUDANzOT_PSYTGu8m9YHUNmOs2rhO-uG8fKP6Xd8-qIHHiiN1-ud4lmn6HSIPfKj0QA2MYT8apBInHtWmSmZUzTe4_FwnDj0rrMU3gvnkX4U6_2g/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-19%20at%2010.38.42%20AM.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></span></div></span></div></span><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span><span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seine_%28fishing%29">seine fishing</a></span></span></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bycatch">bycatch</a> </li></ul></blockquote><div style="text-align: left;"><hr /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Slaughter</span></b></div></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<span><span> </span><span> </span>Slaughter of pigs, cattle (<a href="https://www.nal.usda.gov/animal-health-and-welfare/humane-methods-slaughter-act">USDA regulated</a>)</span><br />
</span></span><blockquote class="tr_bq"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
Transported on hot, crowded trucks</span></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
Animals shot in head with stun gun, lose consciousness (ideally)</span></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
Hoisted upside-down, throats slit</span></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
Animals killed at a rate of 400 per hour</span></span></li><li><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.grandin.com/">Temple Grandin</a> reforms: more auditing, curved chute</span></span></li></ul></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Slaughter of chickens (<a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2005/09/28/05-19378/treatment-of-live-poultry-before-slaughter">minimally regulated</a>)</span></span></blockquote><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">thrown on trucks, l</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">ong trip, no water</span></li><li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial;">shackled upside down, dragged through electrified water, throats slit</span></li></ul></ul><div><blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">Fish</span></blockquote><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">death by suffocation </span></li></ul></ul><p></p></div><hr /><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>#2 FACTORY FARMING WITH REFORMS</b></span></span></p></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_2_%282008%29" style="background-color: white; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: arial;">Proposition 2 (California, 2008) - each animal must have enough room to turn around</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_12,_Farm_Animal_Confinement_Initiative_(2018)" style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: black;">Proposition 12 (California) - stipulates square feet, prohibits sale of products that don't comply</span></a>, even if animals raised in other states</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Supreme Court case (pending): <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/11/us/supreme-court-pigs-animal-cruelty.html?unlocked_article_code=6W_W7lXRUgX9RDSuQLcQpfOwOk0fRGZLZJabQrK_RAfwRXBj3aA0Ibue9NsbcTG4eOKADkwtqk27iugRmD2DMMQH-f1lsvXIsaOMkOI_PW472xo1Z6IQAQo5HAol9Es5iwMMnZN-ccjBpOqIcMxFIQJBce5z9o7iZdFvLwWMXT6d9o4iTS2902H4nH1Er6azAMmRogKFdAnBwV6a_HUpXUERBkeNCF_OCHUWPNsUZkbWEqUUg7uWDDkDTlDmQ8WPOJNAY-d7L9BE6Rok4bjUS_d2XLtq83dan-RrqBGzOfXtpHbhFOkeH6sv_ZYWfs2QcUmlUR8hNrXr-ts2q0sqNudbjMBw&smid=share-url">National Pork Producers v. Ross</a> - pork producers in other states want to be able to sell in California even if they don't comply with California standards</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: white;">Smithfield farms (huge pork producers) to phase out sow crates; <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tVeAwdoCzM">did they</a> or <a href="https://www.meatpoultry.com/articles/25663-hsus-sues-smithfield-foods-over-gestation-stall-claims">didn't they</a>?</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/business/mcdonalds-vows-to-help-end-use-of-sow-crates.html?_r=0" style="background-color: white; text-decoration-line: none;">McDonalds phasing out sow crates</a><b><span> </span></b></span></li></ul></blockquote><div><div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/09/15/us/15farm-span/15farm-span-articleLarge-v2.jpg" height="210" src="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/09/15/us/15farm-span/15farm-span-articleLarge-v2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: arial;">Pigs in group housing<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 5px; position: relative;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/17/business/eggs-that-clear-the-cages-but-maybe-not-the-conscience.html" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="426" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-XW1DTIoQgRg/X3zc_OU_V5I/AAAAAAAAFWc/7xvhcm3-PM4GRlPIopbR5FAPyUjvASdOACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h426/image.png" style="background: transparent; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">NYT (click for more info)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><span style="color: red; font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">#3 HUMANE FARMING</span></b></div></div><span style="color: red; font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/quality-standards/meat-standards"><br /><span style="color: black;">Whole Foods' 5 Step System</span><br /></a><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: red; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LKeKkUc5W8Y/VjDibfLMQvI/AAAAAAAAChE/4UB2_Y0yUGY/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-10-28%2Bat%2B9.56.49%2BAM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LKeKkUc5W8Y/VjDibfLMQvI/AAAAAAAAChE/4UB2_Y0yUGY/s400/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-10-28%2Bat%2B9.56.49%2BAM.png" width="400" /></span></a></div></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><a href="https://vitalfarms.com/farm/">Vital Farms Eggs</a> (<a href="https://vitalfarms.com/farm/lo-ranch/">lo ranch</a>)</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><a href="http://www.polyfacefarms.com/">Polyface Farm</a> (</span>Follow link, scroll down, watch video)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://youtu.be/KxTfQpv8xGA">Shorter video</a> (best one to watch)</span></li><li><a href="https://youtu.be/63S3gLIeQCA"><span style="color: black; font-family: arial;">Killing chickens at Polyface</span></a></li></ul></div><p><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="margin: 0px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><hr /><p></p></div><div><p dir="rtl" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Environmental impact</span></b> </span></p></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote class="tr_bq"><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;"></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote class="tr_bq"></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=amTqW5sDKkE" style="background-color: white;"></a></span><ul><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=amTqW5sDKkE" style="background-color: white;"></a></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=amTqW5sDKkE" style="background-color: white;"></a><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=amTqW5sDKkE" style="background-color: white;">Is Meat Green? </a></span></li><li><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/weekinreview/27bittman.html?_r=1&em&ex=1201582800&en=f3cfee6abce3bfe4&ei=5087" style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Rethinking the Meat Guzzler</span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock%27s_Long_Shadow" style="background-color: white;">Livestock's Long Shadow</a><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></li></ul><div><div></div><ol></ol><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><div><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><hr /></span></span></span></div><div><div style="font-family: Times;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Health issues</b></span></div><div style="font-family: Times;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Vegan and vegetarian diets <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19562864/">an be healthy</a></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.veganhealth.org/articles/vitaminb12">B-12 supplementation</a> </span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></li><li><a href="http://www.greatveganathletes.com/"><span style="font-family: arial;">Vegan athletes </span></a></li></ul></div></div></span></span></span></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;"><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: left;"></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></div>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-72448666727906910172022-10-12T10:16:00.002-05:002022-10-12T11:37:01.573-05:00MIDTERM REVIEW<p style="text-align: left;"></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The midterm will be on Friday Oct. 14. <b style="background-color: white;">It will be in class.</b></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The midterm questions are <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LJOGUnShg1E8j-doFuLaINvQLPWfDRw7tYXzsEX55v8/edit?usp=sharing">HERE</a>. The actual midterm will consist of 4-6 of those questions.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Suggested length for each answer: like one RR (150-250 words). There's a sample question and answer <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/3500446041816598377/8530339366716071966">here</a>. <b>Use all the time available!</b></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">We will review on Wednesday, Oct 12. Come with questions!</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">You should have a plan for each of the 8 questions. <span style="background-color: white;"><b>Use blog posts, slides, readings, your notes, and your RRs. </b></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Also use the tabs above: <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zQJphqnjQWeqpSGpDrllKpbun0IEMd7Z/view">Animal Ethics Camps</a> & <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ckNQimRJI7McnCD4ISegTwXEd_eNsEXmLRtIRlRqGSI/edit">Animal Minds Worksheet</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The index below will help you find pertinent material.</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Review session Oct 12</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Look over the <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LJOGUnShg1E8j-doFuLaINvQLPWfDRw7tYXzsEX55v8/edit?usp=sharing">midterm questions. </a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Spend 5 minutes looking at pertinent material – see above (5 & 6).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Write one question at the <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VrhNjkdlznvsHwlGGrM__zEvkNg6OjEC8KZhqyZv1RY/edit">workbook </a>or put an X beside someone else's question. </span>Sample questions are in the workbook. </span></li></ol><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh71MxcjvQB1K6F0hWvnJbwoD-sB8AGi166HUPr51Dcd07wGeheBtpxyqASaACpnXkN9jRBBxc-lbcWZGNMDulIqykN5O3aBfYH6OXZEYsf_zb1pC8TqpBRx6Yo7sIjbvnLepG1K2XJxIM2Lb39gqgnpd6HLhBsfUSof0wQHJBrAw80BnILi_935kuI1A/s1148/qr-code.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1148" data-original-width="1148" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh71MxcjvQB1K6F0hWvnJbwoD-sB8AGi166HUPr51Dcd07wGeheBtpxyqASaACpnXkN9jRBBxc-lbcWZGNMDulIqykN5O3aBfYH6OXZEYsf_zb1pC8TqpBRx6Yo7sIjbvnLepG1K2XJxIM2Lb39gqgnpd6HLhBsfUSof0wQHJBrAw80BnILi_935kuI1A/w205-h205/qr-code.png" width="205" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;">INDEX</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Overview of <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zQJphqnjQWeqpSGpDrllKpbun0IEMd7Z/view">Animal Ethics Camps</a></span></div><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">1. ANIMALS IN WESTERN THOUGHT</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">8.24 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/08/animals-in-western-thought-aristotle-on.html">Aristotle on Human Superiority </a> Aristotle slides</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">8.26 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/08/animals-in-western-thought-descartes-on.html">Descartes on Animal Machines </a> Descartes slides</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">8.29 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/08/animals-in-western-thought-two-pillars.html">Pillars of Modern Ethics </a> Kant slides</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">8.31 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/08/animals-in-western-thought-peek-beyond.html">A Peek Beyond the West </a> Carpenter</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">2. CONTEMPORARY ANIMAL ETHICS</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">9.2 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/09/contemporary-animal-ethics-animal.html">Animal Liberation </a> Singer vs. Kagan slides</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">9.7 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/09/contemporary-animal-ethics-defending.html">Defending Speciesism </a> Singer vs. Kagan slides</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">9.9 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/09/contemporary-animal-ethics-animals-have.html">Animal Have Rights </a> Regan and Carruthers slides</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">9.12 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/09/contemporary-animal-ethics-animals-have_12.html">Animals Have No Rights </a> Regan and Carruthers slides</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">3. INTERLUDE: ANIMAL MINDS (<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ckNQimRJI7McnCD4ISegTwXEd_eNsEXmLRtIRlRqGSI/edit">animal minds worksheet</a>)</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">9.14 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2017/01/how-can-we-know.html">Being Smart about Animals </a> DeWaal</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">9.19 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2017/02/time-travel.html">Trapped in the present? </a> DeWaal</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">9.21 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2020/09/module-iv-animal-minds.html">Self-awareness and Morality </a> DeWaal</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">9.23 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/09/animal-minds-consciousness.html">Consciousness </a> DeWaal and Godfrey-Smith</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">9.26 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/09/animal-minds-pain-and-fear.html">Pain and Fear </a> Zoo presentation, Temple Grandin on pain</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">4. RELATIONAL ANIMAL ETHICS</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">9.28 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2017/03/gruen-entangled-empathy.html">Care and Ecofeminism </a> Lori Gruen, objections to current ethics</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">9.30 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/09/relational-animal-ethics-care-and.html">Care and Ecofeminism </a>Lori Gruen, entangled empathy, applications</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">10.3 <a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/10/relational-animal-ethics-capacities-and.html">Capacities and Contexts</a> Clare Palmer, wild vs. domesticated</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">10.5 <a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2017/03/donaldson-kymlicka-categories.html">Animal Categories</a> D&K Zoopolis, animal citizens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">10.7 <a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/10/relational-animal-ethics-animal.html">Animal Categories</a> D&K Zoopolis, liminal denizens, wild sovereigns</span></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-63681680216054852892022-10-07T10:00:00.000-05:002022-10-07T14:22:56.003-05:00Relational Animal Ethics: Animal Categories<p> <span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">D&K on wild animal sovereigns and liminal animal denizens</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Midterm review post is <a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/10/midterm-review.html">here </a>(including midterm questions) – we'll review next Wednesday – Midterm is next Friday</span></li></ol><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">THE BIG PICTURE</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZxQAAPsXyI6POyF9voltJ-XjM_jdA7KuGaMumHuUVGy3o_eugxCtWF24fdPuZC_XpucCDMi--zXYGhEsDgiTC0_9Wtup3sB3pdahGgUT_qUd4Y6w_zZRJVrI4s36EmYkiocD7eSGufg-eGa0XfCsDRLWiERFD1VnSsfdIFafTvwPDvlUBgbZG7nmGpg/s1406/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-05%20at%2010.33.11%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="866" data-original-width="1406" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZxQAAPsXyI6POyF9voltJ-XjM_jdA7KuGaMumHuUVGy3o_eugxCtWF24fdPuZC_XpucCDMi--zXYGhEsDgiTC0_9Wtup3sB3pdahGgUT_qUd4Y6w_zZRJVrI4s36EmYkiocD7eSGufg-eGa0XfCsDRLWiERFD1VnSsfdIFafTvwPDvlUBgbZG7nmGpg/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-05%20at%2010.33.11%20AM.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuswTCe0Gf5FLvPGgTNtOua5ipeF3kYiLHTNcyHcBsXR-l9SIPy0iKLxoKCC0TgQoechZkpm1htzaS71Nn2afpfxgyOm2XQqE7VmJ2Ln00vfG0OqOYpamo6Dc8mxQT_MbMfh0iN44iLje4rlbXHaXJkL79ugBjzAkjNen_50JKeHO73W_3fEBzdHRHPQ/s1660/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-07%20at%209.32.50%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="746" data-original-width="1660" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuswTCe0Gf5FLvPGgTNtOua5ipeF3kYiLHTNcyHcBsXR-l9SIPy0iKLxoKCC0TgQoechZkpm1htzaS71Nn2afpfxgyOm2XQqE7VmJ2Ln00vfG0OqOYpamo6Dc8mxQT_MbMfh0iN44iLje4rlbXHaXJkL79ugBjzAkjNen_50JKeHO73W_3fEBzdHRHPQ/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-07%20at%209.32.50%20AM.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br />All humans/All animals</span><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">intrinsic moral standing, moral rights (they agree with Tom Regan)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">no killing for food, clothing, research etc.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Far fewer farm animals</span></li></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">ANIMAL CITIZENS</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOiYR-5fx2wMg_TLybRXLaH5FW-x_u-6Vt-v5oTPe_tjMG4du0_vMNOXwmEZu4ge1iAYRlaHue3U_NpLstE7QSfbMUPINpbiioULkAByDWGUNzV9ZX2BPtknJBl1cIyx8Xize554vEywEVFfttlxJr5BT6t0DBwSyKiXik3gZGqn07-S78s4aeDhdv4g" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="144" data-original-width="320" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOiYR-5fx2wMg_TLybRXLaH5FW-x_u-6Vt-v5oTPe_tjMG4du0_vMNOXwmEZu4ge1iAYRlaHue3U_NpLstE7QSfbMUPINpbiioULkAByDWGUNzV9ZX2BPtknJBl1cIyx8Xize554vEywEVFfttlxJr5BT6t0DBwSyKiXik3gZGqn07-S78s4aeDhdv4g" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMhVQl5-g469PaJhwbgF_auf4NE1Znma_lC2dtATfBTGiD3AoDUikBMVZqw4OpHCW8Lq2SOS4nk5WkC0WYkljzZe_Yex4Bmi-qHoza0zaKVhBqbOc4G1guWjwqtnKBuLV0oO3rC2G5SX8HIa6zh3zbEoi0jQUDru-EJGiSCN3td4QfiyFwbZOHAF-8Q/s938/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-05%20at%2010.48.45%20AM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="938" data-original-width="848" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiMhVQl5-g469PaJhwbgF_auf4NE1Znma_lC2dtATfBTGiD3AoDUikBMVZqw4OpHCW8Lq2SOS4nk5WkC0WYkljzZe_Yex4Bmi-qHoza0zaKVhBqbOc4G1guWjwqtnKBuLV0oO3rC2G5SX8HIa6zh3zbEoi0jQUDru-EJGiSCN3td4QfiyFwbZOHAF-8Q/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-05%20at%2010.48.45%20AM.png" width="289" /></span></a></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Domesticated animals (pets, farm animals) are citizens (we discussed why last time)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">But they are not saying animal citizens should have exactly the same rights</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">voting NO</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">access to public space YES</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">K-12 education NO</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">socialization YES</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">government takes into account their interests YES</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">public spending YES</span></li></ul></ol></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">WILD SOVEREIGNS</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmLqn2qXD9Xi4L-uw8yEQacL6ux6Rw1m7VQGy9wvRv4oa4N5pwNWfM90Qqsl6qBhlizaN5ceTT4JK9Fk-599fqGlRAdO-miNh7rfFBOujvW9jT_PbkH4BFxc6vHlL7zyYyUTCyPTIyfEva-nLL4PA0nq3RaUBH7XWXdPkov1alVVDEsLdz8FaTe0dsGA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="144" data-original-width="320" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmLqn2qXD9Xi4L-uw8yEQacL6ux6Rw1m7VQGy9wvRv4oa4N5pwNWfM90Qqsl6qBhlizaN5ceTT4JK9Fk-599fqGlRAdO-miNh7rfFBOujvW9jT_PbkH4BFxc6vHlL7zyYyUTCyPTIyfEva-nLL4PA0nq3RaUBH7XWXdPkov1alVVDEsLdz8FaTe0dsGA" width="320" /></span></a></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Wild animals – don't exist because of us, don't need us</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0--pLG0qKUqZgzSfRZ13MHui7rUx9-LQ12YxeF-gHAqiNzf8vW3wW6OQVy47bgxWVe2lI2SKGKyrD_-xcL6N8Xmbq5g3r63v_eYVcMmvlGYz-IYQncAmIa4UdP7YFJvxMCZgQS2zzfkbcK0uU-RzNYOXjV89tbmuZZDUIaYdb_RNTrBj1UucdDyYvEw/s1142/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-07%20at%2010.22.45%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1142" data-original-width="1036" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0--pLG0qKUqZgzSfRZ13MHui7rUx9-LQ12YxeF-gHAqiNzf8vW3wW6OQVy47bgxWVe2lI2SKGKyrD_-xcL6N8Xmbq5g3r63v_eYVcMmvlGYz-IYQncAmIa4UdP7YFJvxMCZgQS2zzfkbcK0uU-RzNYOXjV89tbmuZZDUIaYdb_RNTrBj1UucdDyYvEw/w166-h183/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-07%20at%2010.22.45%20AM.png" width="166" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Not quite like foreigners beyond our borders – species have overlapping habitats – some wild sovereigns are inside the US</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Wild sovereigns have the basic rights all animals have – so no hunting, trapping</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">NOT citizens</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">no right to be rescued after a disaster</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">no right to be in our public spaces (polar bear jail in Churchill, Canada)</span></li><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjMlJCNjj-fbAeXDwDzz9Bj5-X3EOrydSzUpse3xhz9TlqkjhX5Hud9HoZKf-BQkkP-7HAZT-fLfen85f5xSZYbIA3uTbDXb-yUmHd5GakvSz7g7kB7qhkvMAsQPkHYExF5TUN9s2OepCRl0vNhLuu9efiY0tOP4HqpGxHsdoSuoAg_Np0YH_SHfBvSwQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="134" data-original-width="320" height="134" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjMlJCNjj-fbAeXDwDzz9Bj5-X3EOrydSzUpse3xhz9TlqkjhX5Hud9HoZKf-BQkkP-7HAZT-fLfen85f5xSZYbIA3uTbDXb-yUmHd5GakvSz7g7kB7qhkvMAsQPkHYExF5TUN9s2OepCRl0vNhLuu9efiY0tOP4HqpGxHsdoSuoAg_Np0YH_SHfBvSwQ" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;">no right to be socialized</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Respect their sovereignty</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">avoid invading habitat</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">when you do take away habitat, create <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=wildlife+corridors&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS872US873&sxsrf=ALiCzsYM8B18Bwyj3kKr-9m4dVp3IU_Wug:1665157085394&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPrsfEuc76AhXjm2oFHWMcB-QQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1379&bih=802&dpr=2.2">wildlife corridors</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">don't meddle excessively, even in case of fires, famine, etc.</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">one-off assistance ok</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">assistance ok when problem is human-caused: <a href="https://seaturtleinc.org/blog/nesting-season/">sea turtle rescue</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.yellowstonepark.com/things-to-do/wildlife/wolf-reintroduction-changes-ecosystem/">wildlife management in National Parks</a>--doesn't respect sovereignty</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyuEqREefbs79G0O2vH_WSWvrTX2HSTm3Sc8zpuIJ1czH07X9PnWiOWPiCHXd4H59YqCoLnmrI5rYOVEOo7PD9ULhND5qyiGjggkGtaq5X27vaNTCB9R5i7Yx9Eanbvd_CNt18FskXFcKAV54uhGOghZX4W5RimH0TnK2NCmGAMjb7IUbSc9DQxNqNdQ/s940/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-07%20at%2010.46.49%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="898" data-original-width="940" height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyuEqREefbs79G0O2vH_WSWvrTX2HSTm3Sc8zpuIJ1czH07X9PnWiOWPiCHXd4H59YqCoLnmrI5rYOVEOo7PD9ULhND5qyiGjggkGtaq5X27vaNTCB9R5i7Yx9Eanbvd_CNt18FskXFcKAV54uhGOghZX4W5RimH0TnK2NCmGAMjb7IUbSc9DQxNqNdQ/w163-h156/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-07%20at%2010.46.49%20AM.png" width="163" /></span></a></div></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">might be different in an extreme case--asteroid </span></li></ul></ul></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">LIMINAL ANIMAL DENIZENS</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZyj7m0XwZ9WftEIqyvBOnbeirdnTA8kSz_FpRjImrzhWk9IDcz7KXjsuhJSp3f5Pzd66dQQ3Nv5uC1bYTuuitya1mjqgGAy2TQ0sMnas3r-IpvhdpchFUaWauEH9LOG3nWq39MBWg3pvIqv7anNqBppS-Xd3NnGn0QaIRGFg2KNYbfaKWFhnERuS5TQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="144" data-original-width="320" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZyj7m0XwZ9WftEIqyvBOnbeirdnTA8kSz_FpRjImrzhWk9IDcz7KXjsuhJSp3f5Pzd66dQQ3Nv5uC1bYTuuitya1mjqgGAy2TQ0sMnas3r-IpvhdpchFUaWauEH9LOG3nWq39MBWg3pvIqv7anNqBppS-Xd3NnGn0QaIRGFg2KNYbfaKWFhnERuS5TQ" width="320" /></span></a></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Liminal animal denizens</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">they "gravitate and towards, and often thrive in, human settlement" (p. 12)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">"sparrows and mallard ducks, squirrels and mice, badgers and rabbits, and countless others" (p. 12). Rats, mice, raccoons, etc.</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Human liminal denizens</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">liminal = on the margins; denizens = regular inhabitants</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">from outside borders: foreign tourists and students, refugees, immigrants, resident aliens</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">inside borders: e.g. Amish (live by somewhat different laws)</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Two principles that apply (p. 14)</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Principle #1: legit to have borders and laws about who enters; also legit to discourage entry</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Principle #2: "sooner or later they acquire the right to stay" (p. 14)</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Liminal human denizens --> liminal animal denizens</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Principle #1: we can try to keep them out</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Principle #2: "we need to regularize their status, and to accept and accommodate to their presence" (p. 14) </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Example: squirrels digging up our grass</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">They are liminal animal denizens, not citizens or wild sovereigns</span></li></ul></ol><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyqWPsmpFuSm3vNyDQWW8krB_J_BHb6Y3JSbXt-xkS-KWqEoFY488WvGLmY98DbIaJHmpC6cd6f55Xgqc9qMgdnhxejpKeb47K5DftiX1pAnCC-3ksWADcOkdEMxfWrmduFOnS-BTfkJIUmq4M_CcXD4r-OBDC5SeHXOr2uqWINn9HdtrhuBiEZAna8Q" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyqWPsmpFuSm3vNyDQWW8krB_J_BHb6Y3JSbXt-xkS-KWqEoFY488WvGLmY98DbIaJHmpC6cd6f55Xgqc9qMgdnhxejpKeb47K5DftiX1pAnCC-3ksWADcOkdEMxfWrmduFOnS-BTfkJIUmq4M_CcXD4r-OBDC5SeHXOr2uqWINn9HdtrhuBiEZAna8Q" width="180" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /></span></div><div><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">OVERALL ASSESSMENT</span></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Utopian: very good, but not realistic</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Edifying model: we should strive for this</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Semi-edifying semi-model: we should strive for some of this</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Dystopian: really bad, a model of what to avoid</span></li></ol></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><br /></div><p></p></div></div>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-18095438208244970392022-10-05T10:58:00.003-05:002022-10-05T11:03:32.013-05:00Relational Animal Ethics: Animal Categories<div><span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Recap</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Donaldson & Kymlicka </span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">RECAP</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Individualistic animal ethics--our obligations to animals depend on each individual animal's inner features.</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Peter Singer</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Tom Regan</span></li></ol></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Relational animal ethics--our obligations to animals depend on each individual animal's inner features AND ALSO on certain <b>relationships</b></span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Lori Gruen--we understand our obligations by <b>relating</b> to animals (entangled animals); their <b>relationships </b>to each other also important</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Clare Palmer--we have different obligations to wild and domesticated animals because we are <b>related to them</b> differently; we created domesticated animals and made them dependent</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Sue Donaldson & Will Kymlikca--today</span></li></ol></div><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">ZOOPOLIS</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Sue Donaldson & Will Kymlicka, <i>Zoopolis: A Political Theory of Animal Rights </i>(2011)</span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">"zoopolis" means animal city</span></li></ul></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div>
<div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">HUMAN RIGHTS </span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Rights based on <b>"intrinsic moral standing" </b>(p. 1) – enshrined in Universal Declaration of Human Rights </span></li><ul><li><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh97IXxArc4B2xQpUOTTazq6z7WKy9eLU3BEX2YMUiJxLWNetqOp8KvrsHtEwOPY0yW2x4hllt4plA-m_m9QR5dc1u9T0sx4R0dJjrIVMIT6rNpEWDZAFYtMjtvnl4ZP8T5OCCnm0aFQ4axu23l85ac9J3ifeD8QhoJ045IdvBmCMP2C4pQYEr456kpYg/s1406/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-05%20at%2010.33.11%20AM.png" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="866" data-original-width="1406" height="123" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh97IXxArc4B2xQpUOTTazq6z7WKy9eLU3BEX2YMUiJxLWNetqOp8KvrsHtEwOPY0yW2x4hllt4plA-m_m9QR5dc1u9T0sx4R0dJjrIVMIT6rNpEWDZAFYtMjtvnl4ZP8T5OCCnm0aFQ4axu23l85ac9J3ifeD8QhoJ045IdvBmCMP2C4pQYEr456kpYg/w200-h123/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-05%20at%2010.33.11%20AM.png" width="200" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Passport control at DFW <br />international terminal<br /><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;">right to life</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">right to liberty</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Rights based on <b>"relationship to a particular political community"</b> (p. 2)</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Citizens</b> of the US</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">right to enter the US</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">right to work here</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">right to have their interests represented by government</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">right to vote</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">right to have access to public spaces (can go there, signs are in your language)</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Non-citizens</b>: "tourists, foreign students, refugee claimants, business visitors or temporary workers" (p. 2)</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">have all the rights based on "intrinsic moral standing" but not all the citizenship rights</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Two groups of non-citizens--<b>Liminal Denizens</b> and <b>Foreign Nationals</b></span></li></ul></ul></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">D&K ARGUE FOR SAME VIEW OF ANIMALS</span></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Rights based on <b>"intrinsic moral standing"</b> -- e.g. right to life and liberty</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">they agree with Tom Regan that animals have rights like this</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Rights based on <b>"relationship to a particular political community"</b></span></li></ol><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Animal Citizens (today)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Liminal Animal Denizens (Friday)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Animal Foreign Nationals (Friday)</span></li></ul></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">ANIMAL CITIZENS</span></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Which animals? </b> All the domesticated animals--dogs cats, farm animals (there will be vastly fewer farm animals)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkDC1sk5uZ5vlaFpHNJas3tstZRZoewSTL8mMR0LwZRFgeoQL-gzCoQQwkAqTfBUNlwC0Yi8PPRx3BBWg6mWCzPpwb1uAAzH7GfUs22dK_ygw8au92fdX8JGgvoX8lgLw_OtGUZR9RiHW0RI9YJxSF_3M182npY4KxajuLWjHv-Q4pJxxgH-gyiXRALg/s938/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-05%20at%2010.48.45%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="938" data-original-width="848" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkDC1sk5uZ5vlaFpHNJas3tstZRZoewSTL8mMR0LwZRFgeoQL-gzCoQQwkAqTfBUNlwC0Yi8PPRx3BBWg6mWCzPpwb1uAAzH7GfUs22dK_ygw8au92fdX8JGgvoX8lgLw_OtGUZR9RiHW0RI9YJxSF_3M182npY4KxajuLWjHv-Q4pJxxgH-gyiXRALg/w181-h200/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-05%20at%2010.48.45%20AM.png" width="181" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFaTlKPV7b5i46YqbAKYYf98GPUxk7G_LO3Qpfr4xhKfhBhGJgz1nj-BCu89fJi-YGKYtzTWy2KsqvppdAppbB6VRLwwyZ6u5zNEFm0ck0NAVXaPQxkjDNhWmQb8IefbOMhGlR9zM1Fz0l1MEUf_9jlDSZ4EeREfX5n1Mvk35pJPbpwH1h6cAPEDqz8w/s1356/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-05%20at%2010.44.29%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="996" data-original-width="1356" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFaTlKPV7b5i46YqbAKYYf98GPUxk7G_LO3Qpfr4xhKfhBhGJgz1nj-BCu89fJi-YGKYtzTWy2KsqvppdAppbB6VRLwwyZ6u5zNEFm0ck0NAVXaPQxkjDNhWmQb8IefbOMhGlR9zM1Fz0l1MEUf_9jlDSZ4EeREfX5n1Mvk35pJPbpwH1h6cAPEDqz8w/w200-h147/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-05%20at%2010.44.29%20AM.png" width="200" /></a></div></div></span></li><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Why are they citizens?</b></span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">We brought them here, we made them dependent on us (Clare Palmer's view)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Francione: they are so dependent that they can't live good lives and the goal should be extinction--we will read him later</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Domesticated animals are capable of cooperation and interaction</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>What are the rights and responsibilities of animal citizens?</b></span></li></ol></div></div><ul>
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<ul></ul><span style="font-family: arial;">RIGHTS OF ANIMAL CITIZENS<br /></span><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MUPovlmCRRY/Vl4weeKHZvI/AAAAAAAACk4/OKL_UkCR2cw/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-12-01%2Bat%2B5.40.49%2BPM.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MUPovlmCRRY/Vl4weeKHZvI/AAAAAAAACk4/OKL_UkCR2cw/w149-h200/Screen%2BShot%2B2015-12-01%2Bat%2B5.40.49%2BPM.png" width="149" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Equal protection under the law (criminalization of harms to to animals)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Emergency services (rescue from fire, floods)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">They should benefit from public spending (health care)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Should have their "interests weighed in the design of public space and institutions" (dog parks, "relief" facilities at airports)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Should have access to public spaces--</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">restaurants? (Paris, right)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">animal cafes? (<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/09/21/magazine/animal-cafe-photos.html">South Korea</a>)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">abolish leash laws?</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">They should be socialized--no "jumping, biting, barking, defecating" (p. 6)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Other?</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;">RESPONSIBILITIES OF ANIMAL CITIZENS</span></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">They should contribute to society if they can do so without exploitation</span></li></ol><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Collecting manure from animals YES</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Letting sheep graze to cut the grass YES</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Guide dogs NO (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSMhv9_XRSE">video</a>)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Sheep dogs YES</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Shearing sheep for wool YES</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Keeping chickens for eggs MAYBE</span></li></ul></ul><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Your job: comment on (use workbook at tab)</span></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">RIGHTS. Would you take something off the list? Would you add something to the list?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">RESPONSIBILITIES. What do you think of their assessments? What other kinds of work should animal citizens do/not do? </span></li></ol></div><div><ul>
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Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-66387840939413153872022-10-03T11:37:00.007-05:002022-10-03T12:57:36.790-05:00Relational Animal Ethics: Capacities and Contexts<div><span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">What is relational animal ethics? & more on Gruen (<a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/09/relational-animal-ethics-care-and.html">last post)</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Another kind of relational animal ethics: Clare Palmer</span></li></ol></div><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Clare Palmer, "Wild and Domesticated Animals"</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Section 2 - Key assumptions and Key terms<br /></span><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Sentience and moral status.</b> </span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">"sentient" means "having the capacity fo conscious awareness and feeling" p. 8</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">"moral status" means simply "that a being's 'interests morally matter to some degree for the entity's own sake'" (p. 9)</span></li></ul><li><b><span style="font-family: arial;">domesticated vs wild (many meanings)</span></b></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">tame and gentle vs. untamed and aggressive</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">living among us vs. living in a wild place</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">controlled by humans vs. self-willed or autonomous</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">bred by humans vs. not bred by humans <b>(Palmer's meaning)</b></span></li></ul><li><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Two approaches to animal ethics</span></b></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">capacity oriented</span> – how to treat animals depends <i>entirely</i> on an animal's capacities</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"> capacities = internal experiences and interests, individualistic</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">context oriented</span><b> </b>– how to treat animals depends on <i>BOTH </i>capacities <i>AND </i>context</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">context = role played by humans in creating the animal, causing the animal's problems [relational]</span></li></ul></ul></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Section 3 - Capacity and Context Orientation</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Peter Singer and Tom Regan both take capacity approach</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Palmer is arguing for the context approach (p. 11-12)</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">you caused the harm to an animal, so you should treat</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">you adopted and made the animal dependent, so you have obligations</span></li></ul></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Section 4--Assisting Wild and Domesticated Animals</span></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Capacity approach; wild and domesticated animals are the same</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Context approach (Palmer): h</span>umans caused domesticated animals to be dependent on them, so we have greater duties to them than to wild animals </span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixljum0JA8eae4-3QSMVt-In7Kd_kNd-f2MYhNjStWgwFqextZUwB0sDsZ2uNNyE1gW6-WLtlqovXQNvET4wC1KlBEMuAPrhxN5VTDE2EUuBkdUMK2yH7PUO4azyVRI-qVCYkuMN8700fIjeOy1Ediy-KuYGFnP17Zu91WihscsRTewT9cNnLt9Due_w/s1118/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-03%20at%2011.30.22%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="484" data-original-width="1118" height="139" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixljum0JA8eae4-3QSMVt-In7Kd_kNd-f2MYhNjStWgwFqextZUwB0sDsZ2uNNyE1gW6-WLtlqovXQNvET4wC1KlBEMuAPrhxN5VTDE2EUuBkdUMK2yH7PUO4azyVRI-qVCYkuMN8700fIjeOy1Ediy-KuYGFnP17Zu91WihscsRTewT9cNnLt9Due_w/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-03%20at%2011.30.22%20AM.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Es7uRfqtgmsOPAGTMtkNQGe-sVLb2xSZ927S0pBG117eE8G0G9Cn40KRVix3dXOI7pOfSreyOHLRAniE9PXh5T1jBf7tyCbw3sL50X5YjO-Km2dLI98mZmJHmp2kMGubrTPZlri0voJ1wWbqzMWwXUpFCVUFCABTMGzwza7zdYPQLJoSoq4wW1Kp-Q/s1122/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-03%20at%2011.30.37%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="372" data-original-width="1122" height="106" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Es7uRfqtgmsOPAGTMtkNQGe-sVLb2xSZ927S0pBG117eE8G0G9Cn40KRVix3dXOI7pOfSreyOHLRAniE9PXh5T1jBf7tyCbw3sL50X5YjO-Km2dLI98mZmJHmp2kMGubrTPZlri0voJ1wWbqzMWwXUpFCVUFCABTMGzwza7zdYPQLJoSoq4wW1Kp-Q/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-03%20at%2011.30.37%20AM.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj733sJhblx_fu1Pw3caBbn3Xua8AX0q9KU7cZHDx5weMliPpH1Re1JPmXTT-1i55WttZV-GiFkmTzxLq3weXm6DjsxwXHmb0iQGOFRkmlpIHQ50krE9CI4uF2f8ORyNbSsY5rT4BEP1k-wW5GsyBWPteh8NB_1H3Mc2Nu3SJgOHUXqxN2tzVgcqDlf_Q/s1114/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-03%20at%2011.30.51%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="222" data-original-width="1114" height="64" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj733sJhblx_fu1Pw3caBbn3Xua8AX0q9KU7cZHDx5weMliPpH1Re1JPmXTT-1i55WttZV-GiFkmTzxLq3weXm6DjsxwXHmb0iQGOFRkmlpIHQ50krE9CI4uF2f8ORyNbSsY5rT4BEP1k-wW5GsyBWPteh8NB_1H3Mc2Nu3SJgOHUXqxN2tzVgcqDlf_Q/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-03%20at%2011.30.51%20AM.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Section 5--Assisting Wild Animals We Have Made Vulnerable (p. 14)</span></div></div></div></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">If we have made wild animals vulnerable, do we have a special duty to them?</span></li></ul></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTYEw_J6DB3ztF-R4nYVRUJuTO-Jz1I_LYz5IjK3LX5cgdQiB8P9r29wIEbo7F_ZSj8WgIZ_lzzaZwxhlt6y7I6Se0SXzXXmGCqPfMUkYxk9XsjoVjl_j1qbRCBJpDZdUwF15NGRtjq8nAsPBSjZSn4IFjDOe4uoDWzKclZIoGiQJ7uLCtTaSnMBucWg/s1118/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-03%20at%2011.34.14%20AM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="1118" height="159" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTYEw_J6DB3ztF-R4nYVRUJuTO-Jz1I_LYz5IjK3LX5cgdQiB8P9r29wIEbo7F_ZSj8WgIZ_lzzaZwxhlt6y7I6Se0SXzXXmGCqPfMUkYxk9XsjoVjl_j1qbRCBJpDZdUwF15NGRtjq8nAsPBSjZSn4IFjDOe4uoDWzKclZIoGiQJ7uLCtTaSnMBucWg/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-03%20at%2011.34.14%20AM.png" width="320" /></a></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /></span></div><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">APPLICATIONS</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">SCENARIO 1</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"> Do we have the same duty to save the dog and the deer?</span></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div></blockquote><div><div><div></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-O8iGu06u-Xc/YS-d3gw1n2I/AAAAAAAAGCA/IWyRZjEKonUsSEw47GH_ucezdvi7BpRnACLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="213" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-O8iGu06u-Xc/YS-d3gw1n2I/AAAAAAAAGCA/IWyRZjEKonUsSEw47GH_ucezdvi7BpRnACLcBGAsYHQ/w320-h213/image.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-gFlqh_6wHeQ/YS-d6oyxYRI/AAAAAAAAGCE/GVhFbb_sSCoaSkFclfuz8kVFnMrba_L7wCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="400" height="320" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-gFlqh_6wHeQ/YS-d6oyxYRI/AAAAAAAAGCE/GVhFbb_sSCoaSkFclfuz8kVFnMrba_L7wCLcBGAsYHQ/w320-h320/image.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><hr /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">SCENARIO 2</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Some (not all) wild animals have been made vulnerable by humans – do we have special obligations to them?</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Dlp9zDSZhn4/YS-fRhj_J4I/AAAAAAAAGCQ/UTlh8RfS8P0t-lZt2UYmwccgNdw09sUswCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="601" data-original-width="940" height="205" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Dlp9zDSZhn4/YS-fRhj_J4I/AAAAAAAAGCQ/UTlh8RfS8P0t-lZt2UYmwccgNdw09sUswCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Deer who have lost habitat</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Owqu_DzvteM/YS-WF5l0UCI/AAAAAAAAGBQ/AY_9pGU1qQ0hCebD9TSK4jzGhL1JQKOGgCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="182" data-original-width="277" height="263" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Owqu_DzvteM/YS-WF5l0UCI/AAAAAAAAGBQ/AY_9pGU1qQ0hCebD9TSK4jzGhL1JQKOGgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h263/image.png" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Birds after oil spill<br /><br /><br /></span><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></blockquote></blockquote></td></tr></tbody></table><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">SCENARIO 3</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Should wild animals be protected from predation?</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-LVGihKzZmVs/YS-YcdDNBvI/AAAAAAAAGBw/12e8xefAHY8I6418LdHtdIlOD4_aTqHAACLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="429" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-LVGihKzZmVs/YS-YcdDNBvI/AAAAAAAAGBw/12e8xefAHY8I6418LdHtdIlOD4_aTqHAACLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h429/image.png" width="640" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div></div></div><p><br /></p>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-6472496050460969872022-09-30T10:54:00.004-05:002022-10-03T12:19:03.120-05:00Relational Animal Ethics: Care and Ecofeminism<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /> AGENDA</span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Module 4: relational animal ethics</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Lori Gruen, <i>Entangled Empathy </i>chapter 1 (<a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2017/03/gruen-entangled-empathy.html">last post)</a></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">What is entangled empathy?</span></li></ol><div><hr /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">What is relational animal ethics?</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Individualistic animal ethics - we owe moral consideration to animals on the basis of each <b>individual</b> animal's <b>internal</b> features</span></li><ul><li><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiv8-SVLA3iOa2-ShaLBwXtDS9dzf5r1CFtxabU37-y1d-ngNTB6YlNEGLq9_Lk4p7NvKNE84BvThBBzuU0DXuCuyiejAj_wFgNm43DD1tFKoHA8B1UU3BSV4uZg4KpE2B0Zt3TSStqjfc1pUmaRBAk2l3VsH_UfwYgsY4iVTE7Kv2oVC_hWH4ShmQtKg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="1168" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiv8-SVLA3iOa2-ShaLBwXtDS9dzf5r1CFtxabU37-y1d-ngNTB6YlNEGLq9_Lk4p7NvKNE84BvThBBzuU0DXuCuyiejAj_wFgNm43DD1tFKoHA8B1UU3BSV4uZg4KpE2B0Zt3TSStqjfc1pUmaRBAk2l3VsH_UfwYgsY4iVTE7Kv2oVC_hWH4ShmQtKg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>PETER SINGER</b> - we owe moral consideration based on each <b>individual</b> animal's sentience and interests - we should use utilitarianism to figure out what exactly we owe </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>TOM REGAN</b> - we owe moral consideration based on each each i<b>ndividual's</b> being a "subject of a life" and therefore having inherent value and basic rights </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Relational animal ethics - relationships are central to understanding our obligations to animals</span></li></ol><ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>LORI GRUEN</b> - </span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">we should <b>relate </b>to animals with entangled empathy to understand our obligations</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">we should be attentive to animals' r<b>elationships</b> to each other </span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>CLARE PALMER, SUE DONALDSON & WILL KYMLICKA</b> </span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">we have different duties to animals in different categories, which are defined by human-animal <b>relationships </b></span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Palmer: domesticated vs. wild</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Donaldson & Kymlilcka: domesticated vs. liminal vs. wild</span></li></ul></ul></ul></ul></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>Gruen recap: the problems with contemporary ethics</span></span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Too abstract</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"> Doesn't recognize complexities of experiences</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"> Doesn't recognize context, history of problem</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"> A robot could figure out obligations, calculated this way</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"> Detached, alienating, not motivating</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"> Ignores the network of relationships</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Problems with animal ethics</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi2Ut981VkywCG-gvjeuKke0y0Xnup8Zp4PwaHotlnu5tOu0Uik5wpnxYluV9UWq7-a6JOdV_3_U5ZRTBax_qV5aTDZHTfDUH3IVxmKSyp664MnnLvL2fQJL6tmaZ0n79VtuOyJ-oUBx9PUVx861A5Gy_Zxk3U1FFhNKuGYcTFCR3OP8q729KL5KDsv8A" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img alt="" data-original-height="846" data-original-width="1684" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi2Ut981VkywCG-gvjeuKke0y0Xnup8Zp4PwaHotlnu5tOu0Uik5wpnxYluV9UWq7-a6JOdV_3_U5ZRTBax_qV5aTDZHTfDUH3IVxmKSyp664MnnLvL2fQJL6tmaZ0n79VtuOyJ-oUBx9PUVx861A5Gy_Zxk3U1FFhNKuGYcTFCR3OP8q729KL5KDsv8A" width="320" /></span></a></div></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Entangled empathy approach</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">3:46 - 5:10</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MyUElUFuq6Q?start=226" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe>
</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Approach will involve (see p. 20)</span></div><ol style="text-align: left;"><div><p></p></div><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Abstraction vs. <b>context</b></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Individualism vs. <b>relationality</b></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Impartiality vs. <b>connection</b></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Conflict vs. <b>responsiveness</b></span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Applications</span></div></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Saving cat during Hurricane Ian</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">EMMA - getting to know her - learning more about chimpanzees - becoming "attuned" - coming to care about chimpanzees in animal labs - rejoicing when they are transferred to a sanctuary - caring about orangutans in Indonesia and Malaysia - learning that forests are being destroyed to make room for palm oil plantations - realizing palm oil is in many vegan products - finding the products repulsive and not using them.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Is she especially concerned with "higher animals"? No! Her recent book <i>Animal Crisis </i>(written with Alice Cleary) has chapters on pigs, rats, insects, octopuses, etc.</span></li></ol></div>Jean Kazezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06297159994901018071noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3500446041816598377.post-56520485983418679432022-09-28T09:12:00.004-05:002022-09-30T11:10:23.800-05:00Relational Animal Ethics: Care and Ecofeminism<div><span style="font-family: arial;">AGENDA</span></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Temple Grandin (<a href="http://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/09/animal-minds-pain-and-fear.html">last post</a>)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Module 4: the big picture</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Lori Gruen</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7qxiNjIzE3CkTaoUABG2aw05R0RoyIz1EUZqYzVUDwkZpMeJdiNs96GvEUvKOfb37kHrnsnacH7YZtRbKMOyrRNJnLzfjSO-cW2JBsk-vJbUZihA6--roAEfmt7BoLxJd295OtgHHOx-E1xyo_cUNLd0ssVnCk-McmvgbznCQ4J_OJQXQCxis3fikxw/s1534/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-19%20at%205.19.36%20PM.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="1534" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7qxiNjIzE3CkTaoUABG2aw05R0RoyIz1EUZqYzVUDwkZpMeJdiNs96GvEUvKOfb37kHrnsnacH7YZtRbKMOyrRNJnLzfjSO-cW2JBsk-vJbUZihA6--roAEfmt7BoLxJd295OtgHHOx-E1xyo_cUNLd0ssVnCk-McmvgbznCQ4J_OJQXQCxis3fikxw/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-19%20at%205.19.36%20PM.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><hr /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://lgruen.faculty.wesleyan.edu/">Lori Gruen</a> </span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhfhYonT8yZhCRxbg7DNCQ3nmQD9gitJ3ph1vR8Z9kcLzq189oPmy_HlfNcNMnYG7FC149aHS2IPNkx1WKkfaUvvtN_sU2yR3MTu8n7req-GLqjqW2qKxUD5F23FBba3awEHqtLidqiN5P9nB8O9jsfzIeKAW9VGjm1m3JdOixU0QxRjMhkM5U59pZZMw" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="772" data-original-width="1004" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhfhYonT8yZhCRxbg7DNCQ3nmQD9gitJ3ph1vR8Z9kcLzq189oPmy_HlfNcNMnYG7FC149aHS2IPNkx1WKkfaUvvtN_sU2yR3MTu8n7req-GLqjqW2qKxUD5F23FBba3awEHqtLidqiN5P9nB8O9jsfzIeKAW9VGjm1m3JdOixU0QxRjMhkM5U59pZZMw" width="312" /></a></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div>We are reading two chapters from <i>Entangled Empathy </i>(2014)</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Later: an article on captivity</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1--rX8gP-P2QNPf4gwB89oehIQvNftyno/view?usp=sharing">Gruen, annotated</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b><div><br /></div><div>Chapter 1</div></b></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>What's wrong with contemporary ethics?</b></span><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Look at Singer argument on p. 1</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">What are her objections to this type of argument?</span></li></ol><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>What's wrong with contemporary animal ethics? </b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><blockquote><b>Focus on SAMENESS</b></blockquote><p> <i>Peter Singer</i> </p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>Human interests count just as much, regardless of race and regardless of gender. (based on principle of equality)</li><li>Animals have interests too and are not relevantly different <b>(SAMENESS)</b>. <b>Therefore,</b></li><li>Animal interests count just as much, regardless of species.</li></ol><div> <i>Tom Regan</i><br /></div><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li>People have inherent value and and basic rights regardless of intellectual capacity.</li><li>This must be because they're all "subjects of a life."</li><li>But just like these humans, animals are "subjects of a life" too <b>(SAMENESS)</b>. <b>Therefore,</b></li><li>Animals also have inherent value and basic rights.</li></ol><blockquote><div><span style="background-color: #fcff01;">What's left out when ethicists focus on sameness?</span></div></blockquote></div><p></p></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Gruen's animal ethics: particularism, no general moral principles, care ethics, entangled empathy</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><blockquote><b>Real world problem: evacuating animals before/after a hurricane</b></blockquote><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><b>Demoters</b>--only humans really count, no animal rescue (Katrina, New Orleans 2005)</li><li><b>Humane demoters</b>--should allow animal rescue so humans will leave (Ike, Houston 2008)</li><li><b>Singer and Regan</b>--should rescue animals based on equality (Singer) or rights (Regan)</li><li><b>Gruen</b>--should evacuate animals--"entangled empathy" should be guide (<a href="https://arsmu.blogspot.com/2022/09/relational-animal-ethics-care-and.html">next post</a>)</li></ol><div> <a href="https://twitter.com/MeganScavo/status/1575156353865510912?s=20&t=sf5n6qUDozGjshbagJ8Rjw">Animal rescue tweet</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><p></p><p> </p></span><div><div><div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><ul>
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